safetyriskБезопасность и риск фармакотерапииSafety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy2312-78212619-1164Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)10.30895/2312-7821-2018-6-3-111-117safetyrisk-110Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИORIGINAL ARTICLESСОВРЕМЕННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ВАКЦИНАЦИИ ПРОТИВ ВИРУСА ПАПИЛЛОМЫ ЧЕЛОВЕКАMODERN ASPECTS OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINATIONАляутдинаО. С.AlyautdinaO. S.

ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 119991, Российская Федерация

Лебяжий пер, д. 8/4, стр. 2, Москва, 119019, Российская Федерация

Акушер-гинеколог, руководитель акушерско-гинекологической службы, д-р мед.  наук, проф. Профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии № 1 Сеченовского университета

8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia

Lebyazhy lane, 8/4, bld 2, Moscow, 119019, Russian Federation

Obstetrician-gynecologist, head of obstetric-gynecological  service. Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and  Gynecology № 1 of Sechenov University. PhD, DSc (Med)

olasa@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9662-3701ДармостуковаМ. А.DarmostukovaM. A.

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051, Российская Федерация

Старший аналитик отдела экспертизы побочного действия МИБП Управления  экспертизы безопасности лекарственных средств

8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051, Russian Federation

Senior Analyst Department for Evaluation of MIBPs Side Effects of the DEMPS

Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский университет) Клиника «Медилюкс»РоссияFederal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University) The clinic “Mediluks”Russian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияScientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal ProductsRussian Federation20182509201863111117Copyright © Аляутдина О.С., Дармостукова М.А., 20182018Аляутдина О.С., Дармостукова М.А.Alyautdina O.S., Darmostukova M.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/110

Вирус папилломы человека относится к ДНК-содержащим вирусам и инфицирует эпителий  кожи и слизистых. Одним общим путем является изменение экспрессии клеточных генов  путем интеграции вирусного генома в клеточную ДНК. Причина устойчивости инфицирования ВПЧ заключается в наличии сложных механизмов угнетения иммунной  реакции макроорганизма. Важным инфекционным агентом, вовлеченным в канцерогенез,  являются вирусы папилломы человека (ВПЧ), вызывающие значимую часть онкологических  заболеваний. Вирусы создают предпосылки для малигнизации клеток путем введения  онкогена или блокады белков-супрессоров в клетках с целью нарушения регуляции  клеточного деления. Два белка, Е6 и Е7, кодируемые ДНК вируса, играют ведущую роль в  этом процессе. Выявлено более 100 различных типов ВПЧ, и примерно одна треть из них  инфицируют эпителиальные клетки в половых путях. ВПЧ также является причиной  карциномы пениса, вульвы, ануса и способствует возникновению более 40 %  орофарингеального рака. На сегодняшний день наиболее эффективным путем борьбы с  ВПЧ-инфекцией является иммунопрофилактика. На сегодняшний день существуют три  коммерчески доступных вакцины против ВПЧ: это Cervarix®, Gardasil®, Gardasil®9. Эти три  вакцины эффективно предотвращают инфекции ВПЧ, вызывая продуцирование  нейтрализующих антител, которые связываются с вирусными частицами и блокируют их  вход в клетки-хозяева. Однако эти вакцины не эффективны для устранения ранее  существовавших инфекций. В настоящее время нет терапевтических вакцин против ВПЧ,  одобренных для использования у людей. В обзоре обсуждаются виды вакцин против ВПЧ- инфекции и вопросы эффективности вакцинации.

Human papillomavirus refers to DNA-containing viruses and infects the skin and mucosal epithelium. One common way is to change the  expression of cellular genes by integrating the viral genome into  cellular DNA. The reason for the resistance of HPV infection is the  presence of complex mechanisms of inhibiting the immune response  of the macroorganism. An important infectious agent involved in  carcinogenesis are human papillomavirus (HPV) viruses, which cause  a significant part of oncological diseases. Viruses create the  prerequisites for malignant cells by introducing an oncogene or  blockade of suppressor proteins in cells to disrupt the regulation of  cell division. Two proteins, E6 and E7, encoded by the DNA of the  virus, play a leading role in this process. More than 100 different types of HPV have been identified, and approximately one- third of them infect epithelial cells in  the genital tract. HPV is also  the cause of carcinoma of the penis, vulva, anus and contribute to  the occurrence of more than 40 % of oropharyngeal cancer. To date,  the most effective way to combat HPV infection is  immunoprophylaxis. To date, there are three commercially available  HPV vaccines: Cervarix®, Gardasil®, Gardasil®9. These three  vaccines effectively prevent HPV infections, causing the production of neutralizing antibodies that bind to viral particles and block their  entry into host cells. However, these vaccines are not effective in  eliminating pre-existing infections. Currently, there are no  therapeutic vaccines against HPV, approved for use in humans. The  review discusses the types of vaccines against HPV infection and the effectiveness of vaccination.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.