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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">safetyrisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2312-7821</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2312-7821-2021-9-1-43-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">safetyrisk-215</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение эффективности и безопасности препарата Хондроитин сульфат в доклинических исследованиях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Preclinical Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Chondroitin Sulfate</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1448-921X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазукина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazukina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мазукина Елизавета Владимировна</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta V. Mazukina</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky, Vsevolozhsky District, Leningrad Oblast 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mazukina.ev@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2689-6891</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шекунова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shekunova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шекунова Елена Васильевна, кандидат биологических наук</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Shekunova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky, Vsevolozhsky District, Leningrad Oblast 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shekunova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9690-1935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косман</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosman</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Косман Вера Михайловна, кандидат фармацевтических наук</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera M. Kosman, Cand. Sci. (Pharm.)</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky, Vsevolozhsky District, Leningrad Oblast 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kosmanvm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0833-3371</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уракова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Urakova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уракова Ирина Николаевна, кандидат химических наук</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Urakova, Cand. Sci. (Chem.)</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky, Vsevolozhsky District, Leningrad Oblast 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mazukina.ev@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1584-8739</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котельникова</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotelnikova</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котельникова Ирина Геннадьевна, кандидат фармацевтических наук</p><p>Новохохловская ул., д. 25, Москва, 109052</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Kotelnikova, Cand. Sci. (Pharm.)</p><p>25 Novokhokhlovskaya St., Moscow 109052</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mazukina.ev@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фонарев</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fonarev</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фонарев Михаил Юрьевич, кандидат юридических наук</p><p>Новохохловская ул., д. 25, Москва, 109052</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Yu. Fonarev, Cand. Sci. (Leg.)</p><p>25 Novokhokhlovskaya St., Moscow 109052</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mazukina.ev@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ежова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ezhova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ежова Екатерина Александровна</p><p>Новохохловская ул., д. 25, Москва, 109052</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Ezhova</p><p>25 Novokhokhlovskaya St., Moscow 109052</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mazukina.ev@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закалюкина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakalyukina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Закалюкина Евгения Викторовна</p><p>Новохохловская ул., д. 25, Москва, 109052</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eugenia V. Zakalyukina</p><p>25 Novokhokhlovskaya St., Moscow 109052</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mazukina.ev@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3176-6386</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макарова Марина Николаевна, доктор медицинских наук</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina N. Makarova, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky, Vsevolozhsky District, Leningrad Oblast 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">makarova.mn@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2447-7888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаров Валерий Геннадьевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery G. Makarov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky, Vsevolozhsky District, Leningrad Oblast 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">makarov.vg@doclinia.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Акционерное общество «Научно-производственное объединение «ДОМ ФАРМАЦИИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research and Manufacturing Company “HOME OF PHARMACY”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Закрытое акционерное общество «Санкт-Петербургский институт фармации»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Closed Joint Stock Company “St. Petersburg Institute of Pharmacy”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие «Московский эндокринный завод»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Moscow Endocrine Plant”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мазукина Е.В., Шекунова Е.В., Косман В.М., Уракова И.Н., Котельникова И.Г., Фонарев М.Ю., Ежова Е.А., Закалюкина Е.В., Макарова М.Н., Макаров В.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мазукина Е.В., Шекунова Е.В., Косман В.М., Уракова И.Н., Котельникова И.Г., Фонарев М.Ю., Ежова Е.А., Закалюкина Е.В., Макарова М.Н., Макаров В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mazukina E.V., Shekunova E.V., Kosman V.M., Urakova I.N., Kotelnikova I.G., Fonarev M.Y., Ezhova E.A., Zakalyukina E.V., Makarova M.N., Makarov V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/215">https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/215</self-uri><abstract><p>Хондроитина сульфат применяют в комплексной терапии остеоартроза. Необходимо принимать во внимание, что структура и свойства полисахаридов в составе хондроитина сульфата, а также источник его получения значительно влияют на абсорбцию, биодоступность и, как следствие, эффективность и безопасность препаратов при пероральном приеме.</p><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы: сравнительное изучение токсических свойств, местнораздражающего действия, иммунотоксичности, основных фармакокинетических параметров, терапевтической эффективности нового воспроизведенного препарата Хондроитина сульфат (ФГУП «Московский эндокринный завод», Россия) и препарата Структум («Пьер Фабр Медикамент Продакшн», Франция).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: в экспериментах были использованы кролики породы Белый великан. При изучении токсических, иммунотоксических свойств и местнораздражающего действия самцам и самкам кроликов препараты вводили перорально в течение 28 сут ежедневно в дозе 168 мг/кг (около 6 высших терапевтических доз). Период отсроченного наблюдения — 14 сут. Для фармакокинетических исследований образцы крови отбирали на 1–2 сут эксперимента, клинический и биохимический анализы крови проводили на 28 и 43 сут. После эвтаназии животных осуществляли патоморфологические и гистологические исследования органов и тканей. Терапевтическую эффективность изучали на модели остеоартроза, вызванного перерезкой крестообразной связки у кроликов. Терапию препаратами в дозах 16,8, 33,6 и 67,2 мг/кг животные получали в течение 56 сут, начиная с 8 сут после индукции патологии.</p></sec><sec><title> Результаты</title><p> Результаты: препараты не оказали токсического влияния, местнораздражающего и иммунотоксического действия. Установлена NOAEL — 168 мг/кг. Продемонстрирована сопоставимость фармакокинетических профилей препаратов после однократного перорального введения. Максимальную концентрацию действующего вещества (Cmax= 79 ± 6 мкг/мл — Хондроитин сульфат; Cmax= 71 ± 4мкг/мл — Структум) в плазме крови наблюдали в интервале 3–4 ч после введения. Препараты в дозах 33,6 и 67,2 мг/кг привели к снижению выраженности структурных повреждений хряща. По результатам количественного определения сульфатированных глюкозаминогликанов в протеогликанах хряща суставной поверхности животных с остеоартритом показано увеличение их содержания в группах, получавших максимальные дозы исследованных препаратов, по сравнению с другими группами.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: полученные данные свидетельствуют о наличии у тестируемого препарата благоприятного профиля безопасности, а также наличии терапевтического (хондропротективного) действия, все оцениваемые в ходе исследований параметры препарата Хондроитин сульфат были сопоставимы с таковыми препарата Структум.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chondroitin sulfate is used for osteoarthritis combination therapy. It should be taken into account that the structure and properties of polysaccharides included in chondroitin sulfate, as well as the raw materials used for its production, have a significant effect on its absorption, bioavailability, and, as a consequence, on the safety and efficacy of orally administered products.</p><p>The aim of the study was to assess toxic properties, local irritant effect, immunotoxicity, basic pharmacokinetic parameters, and therapeutic efficacy of the new Chondroitin sulfate product (produced by Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Moscow Endocrine Plant”, Russia) as compared to Structum (produced by “Pierre Fabre Medicament Production”, France).</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: White Giant rabbits were used in the experiments. Toxicity, immunotoxicity and local irritation effects of the products were assessed following daily oral administration at the dose of 168 mg/kg (about 6 Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Doses) to male and female rabbits for 28 days. The follow-up period was 14 days. The pharmacokinetic study included blood sampling on days 1‒2 of the experiment, complete blood count and blood chemistry tests were performed on days 28 and 43. After killing the animals, pathomorphological and histological examinations were performed on their organs and tissues. Therapeutic efficacy was studied in an osteoarthritis model made by cruciate ligament transaction in rabbits. The animals received therapy at doses of 16.8 mg/kg, 33.6 mg/kg, and 67.2 mg/kg for 56 days starting from day 8 after the pathology induction.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the medicines had no toxic, local irritant, or immunotoxic effect. The NOAEL was established at 168 mg/kg. The study demonstrated the comparability of the pharmacokinetic profiles of the studied products following single oral administration. The maximum concentration of the active ingredient (Cmax = 79 ± 6 μg/mL—Chondroitin sulfate; Cmax = 71 ± 4 μg/mL— Structum) in blood plasma was observed within 3–4 hours after administration. A decrease in the severity of cartilage structural damage was observed for the doses of 33.6 mg/kg and 67.2 mg/kg. The results of quantitative determination of sulfated glycosaminoglicans in the proteoglycans of the cartilage articular surface in the animals with osteoarthritis demonstrated an increase in the level of sulfated glycosaminoglicans in the groups treated with the maximum doses of the studied products, as compared to the other groups.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: the obtained data confirm that the test product has a favourable safety profile, and therapeutic (chondroprotective) effect. All the tested properties of Chondroitin sulfate were comparable to those of Structum.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хондроитина сульфат</kwd><kwd>Структум</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd><kwd>иммунотоксичность</kwd><kwd>фармакокинетика</kwd><kwd>доклинические исследования</kwd><kwd>остеоартроз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Chondroitin sulfate</kwd><kwd>Structum</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd><kwd>immunotoxicity</kwd><kwd>pharmacokinetics</kwd><kwd>preclinical studies</kwd><kwd>osteoarthritis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена без спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harris ED, Budd RC, Firestein GS, Genovese MC, Sergent JS, Ruddy S. 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J Rheumatol. 2010;37(3):656–64. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.090696</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
