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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">safetyrisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2312-7821</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2312-7821-2022-10-2-161-175</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">safetyrisk-273</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ФАРМАКОТЕРАПИИ В КЛИНИКЕ ВНУТРЕННИХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SAFETY OF PHARMACOTHERAPY IN INTERNAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эффективность и безопасность лечения асцита при циррозе печени</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Efficacy and Safety of Ascites Treatment in Liver Cirrhosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-1186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатенко</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatenko</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игнатенко Григорий Анатольевич, член-корреспондент НАМН Украины, доктор медицинских наук, профессор.</p><p>пр. Ильича, д. 16, Донецк, 283003</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grigoriy A. Ignatenko, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor.</p><p>16 Illicha Ave, Donetsk 283001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">secretary@dnmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5547-6741</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куглер</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kugler</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куглер Татьяна Евгеньевна, кандидат медицинских наук.</p><p>пр. Ильича, д. 16, Донецк, 283003</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana E. Kugler, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>16 Illicha Ave, Donetsk 283001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kugler2@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3984-8482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарадин</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Taradin</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тарадин Геннадий Геннадиевич, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент.</p><p>пр. Ильича, д. 16, Донецк, 283003; Ленинский пр., д. 47, Донецк, 283045</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennadiy G. Taradin, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor.</p><p>16 Illicha Ave, Donetsk 283001; 47, Leninsky Ave, Donetsk 283045</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">taradin@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2694-6614</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ракитская</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakitskaya</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ракитская Ирина Валериевна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент.</p><p>пр. Ильича, д. 16, Донецк, 283003</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Rakitskaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor.</p><p>16 Illicha Ave, Donetsk 283001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rakytskaya@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1489-9382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калуга</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaluga</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калуга Александр Александрович</p><p>пр. Ильича, д. 16, Донецк, 283003</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Kaluga.</p><p>16 Illicha Ave, Donetsk 283001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">torezaka@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственная образовательная организация высшего профессионального образования «Донецкий национальный медицинский университет им. М. Горького»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственная образовательная организация высшего профессионального образования «Донецкий национальный медицинский университет им. М. Горького»; Государственное учреждение «Институт неотложной и восстановительной хирургии им. В.К. Гусака»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University;&#13;
V.K. Gusak Institute of Urgent and Recovery Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>161</fpage><lpage>175</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Игнатенко Г.А., Куглер Т.Е., Тарадин Г.Г., Ракитская И.В., Калуга А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Игнатенко Г.А., Куглер Т.Е., Тарадин Г.Г., Ракитская И.В., Калуга А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ignatenko G.A., Kugler T.E., Taradin G.G., Rakitskaya I.V., Kaluga A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/273">https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/273</self-uri><abstract><p>Цирроз печени — одна из основных проблем здравоохранения во всем мире, и асцит часто является его первым и основным проявлением. Несмотря на достижения современной гепатологии, наличие асцита ассоциируется с неблагоприятным прогнозом и высокой летальностью. Цель работы: анализ данных об эффективности и безопасности методов лечения асцита с учетом патофизиологических особенностей заболевания. Результаты анализа данных научной литературы и зарубежных рекомендаций по лечению асцита показали, что для лечения асцита при циррозе печени применяют медикаментозные и хирургические способы лечения, которые затрагивают основные патогенетические звенья развития этого состояния. Лечение неосложненного асцита зависит от степени тяжести его клинических проявлений: асцит 1-й степени не требует лечения, терапия асцита 2–3-й степени направлена на уменьшение потребления натрия и стимуляцию его выведения с помощью диуретиков. Эффект диуретиков следует оценивать при помощи ежедневного контроля массы тела. Для того чтобы избежать серьезных нарушений электролитного баланса и снизить риск острого повреждения почек на фоне фармакотерапии диуретиками, необходимо проведение тщательного мониторинга уровней креатинина и электролитов в сыворотке крови. Дополнительным фармакологическим инструментом для увеличения диуреза является применение вазоконстрикторов. Парацентез с удалением большого объема жидкости — метод выбора для лечения пациентов с асцитом 3-й степени и при рефрактерном асците. Выявлено, что наиболее опасным последствием парацентеза является циркуляторная дисфункция, для предотвращения которой объем удаляемой жидкости следует ограничить (5–6 л за одну процедуру) и использовать плазмозаменители. При неэффективности парацентеза следует рассмотреть возможность применения новых малоинвазивных методов лечения: трансъюгулярного внутрипеченочного портосистемного шунтирования и автоматической низкопотоковой системы удаления асцитической жидкости. Учитывая неблагоприятный прогноз, все пациенты с рефрактерным асцитом должны рассматриваться как кандидаты на трансплантацию печени, которая в настоящее время является единственным эффективным методом лечения. Индивидуализированный подход к выбору метода лечения асцита при циррозе и дальнейшее изучение способов снижения частоты побочных эффектов медикаментозных и малоинвазивных хирургических методов лечения позволят повысить эффективность и безопасность терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cirrhosis is one of the major health problems worldwide; and ascites is often its first and foremost manifestation. Despite the advances in modern hepatology, the presence of ascites is associated with a poor prognosis and high mortality. The aim of the study was to analyse data on the efficacy and safety of ascites treatment options, taking into account the pathophysiology of the condition. The analysis of literature and international guidelines on ascites management showed that cirrhotic ascites is treated with medication or surgery that interfere with pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the condition. Treatment of uncomplicated ascites depends on the severity of clinical manifestations. Patients with grade 1 ascites do not require treatment. Therapy for grade 2–3 ascites is aimed at reducing sodium intake and promoting its excretion with diuretics. The effect of diuretics should be assessed by daily monitoring of body weight. Close monitoring of serum creatinine and electrolyte levels is necessary to avoid severe electrolyte imbalance and mitigate the risk of diuretic-associated acute kidney injury. Another medical option to increase diuresis is the use of vasoconstrictors. Large volume paracentesis is the treatment of choice for patients with grade 3 ascites and refractory ascites. The most dangerous complication of paracentesis is circulatory dysfunction, which is prevented by limiting the volume of fluid removed to 5–6 liters per procedure and using plasma substitutes. If paracentesis is ineffective, new minimally invasive methods of treatment should be considered: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting and automated low-flow ascitic fluid removal system. However, given the poor prognosis, all patients with refractory ascites should be considered candidates for liver transplantation, which is currently the only effective treatment. The efficacy and safety of therapy may be enhanced by a personalised approach to choosing the treatment for ascites in cirrhosis, as well as further investigation of means to mitigate adverse reactions to medication and minimally invasive surgery.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цирроз печени</kwd><kwd>асцит</kwd><kwd>диуретики</kwd><kwd>нежелательные реакции</kwd><kwd>парацентез</kwd><kwd>трансплантация печени</kwd><kwd>трансъюгулярное внутрипеченочное портосистемное шунтирование</kwd><kwd>ALFA-помпа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liver cirrhosis</kwd><kwd>ascites</kwd><kwd>diuretics</kwd><kwd>paracentesis</kwd><kwd>liver transplantation</kwd><kwd>adverse reactions</kwd><kwd>transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt</kwd><kwd>Alfapump</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена без спонсорской поддержки. Авторы выражают благодарность Е.Н. Полянчиковой за оказанную помощь в работе с графическим материалом</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding. The authors express their gratitude to Elena N. Polyanchikova for her assistance with graphic material</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин ВТ, Маевская МВ, Павлов ЧС, Федосьина ЕА, Бессонова ЕН, Пирогова ИЮ, Гарбузенко ДВ. Клинические рекомендации Российского общества по изучению печени и Российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации по лечению осложнений цирроза печени. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2016;26(4):71–102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin VT, Mayevskaya MV, Pavlov ChS, Fedosyina EA, Bessonova EN, Pirogova IYu, Garbuzenko DV. 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