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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">safetyrisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2312-7821</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2312-7821-2022-10-4-396-410</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">safetyrisk-285</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАКОНАДЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOVIGILANCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метамизол натрия: регуляторный статус в разных странах мира, проблемы безопасности и ошибки применения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sodium Metamizole: Regulatory Status around the World, Safety Problems and Medication Errors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4165-1726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ушкалова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ushkalova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ушкалова Елена Андреевна, доктор медицинских наук.</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, Москва, 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Ushkalova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor.</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ushkalova-ea@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6348-6867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зырянов</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zyryanov</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зырянов Сергей Кенсаринович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор.</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, Москва, 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey K. Zyryanov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor.</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zyryanov-sk@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7729-2169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутранова</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Butranova</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бутранова Ольга Игоревна, кандидат медицинских наук.</p><p>Ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, Москва, 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga I. Butranova, Cand. Sci. (Med.).</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">butranova-oi@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0174-2765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самсонова</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samsonova</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самсонова Кристина Ивановна.</p><p>Ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, Москва, 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina I. Samsonova.</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">1042210102@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>396</fpage><lpage>410</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ушкалова Е.А., Зырянов С.К., Бутранова О.И., Самсонова К.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ушкалова Е.А., Зырянов С.К., Бутранова О.И., Самсонова К.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ushkalova E.A., Zyryanov S.K., Butranova O.I., Samsonova K.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/285">https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/285</self-uri><abstract><p>Метамизол натрия (МН), анальгин, в середине 60-х годов XX века был отозван с фармацевтического рынка регуляторными органами некоторых стран в связи с развитием побочных эффектов (агранулоцитоза) при его применении. Однако в последние десятилетия наблюдается тенденция к стойкому увеличению количества его назначений. Цель работы — характеристика регуляторного статуса МН в различных странах мира, анализ его эффективности, профиля безопасности, а также доступных данных о медицинских ошибках, ассоциированных с применением МН в реальной клинической практике. По данным литературы, в немецкоязычных странах МН — самый часто используемый анальгетик в хирургической практике, в Швейцарии он занимает третье место по частоте назначения среди обезболивающих, широко применяется даже в тех странах, где был ранее отозван, например в США. Увеличение объемов потребления МН, по мнению экспертов, связано с опиоидным кризисом и высоким риском кардиотоксичности нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов (НПВП). Эффективность МН при хронических болях превосходит эффективность не только парацетамола, но и НПВП, а при послеоперационной боли и острой первичной головной боли она не ниже, чем у других широко используемых анальгетиков. МН оказывает выраженный анальгетический эффект у онкологических пациентов, в высоких дозах сопоставимый с эффективностью наркотических анальгетиков, при этом МН характеризуется значительно более благоприятным профилем безопасности. Результаты рандомизированных и наблюдательных исследований подтверждают, что кратковременное применение МН является достаточно безопасным, в том числе в отношении риска развития миелосупрессивных побочных эффектов. Курс МН длительностью менее 2 недель характеризуется более низкой частотой нежелательных явлений в сравнении с опиоидами и приблизительно равной таковой для плацебо и парацетамола, увеличение продолжительности использования МН ассоциировано с увеличением риска развития агранулоцитоза. Нежелательные реакции могут быть следствием ошибок при применении препарата. Риск летального исхода на фоне развившегося агранулоцитоза возрастает при совместном применении МН с метотрексатом, а также у пожилых пациентов. МН разрешен к применению в Российской Федерации, отпускается из аптек без рецепта и может использоваться как высокоэффективный анальгетик при широком спектре болей в соответствующих дозе, пути введения, частоте приема с учетом оценки исходных характеристик пациентов, при этом следует избегать необоснованно длительных (более 2 недель) курсов терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Sodium metamizole (SM), analgin, was recalled from the pharmaceutical market by the regulatory authorities of some countries in the mid-60s because of side effects (agranulocytosis). However, there has been a trend towards a steady increase in its prescription rates in the recent decades. The aim of the study was to characterise the regulatory status of SM in different countries of the world, to assess the effectiveness and safety, and to analyse available data on medication errors in real clinical practice. According to the reviewed publications, SM is the most frequently used analgesic in surgical practice in German-speaking countries, the third most frequently prescribed analgesic in Switzerland, and a widely used one even in the countries where it has previously been recalled, such as the USA. The increase in the use of SM, according to experts, is due to the opioid crisis and the high risk of cardiotoxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In chronic pain, the efficacy of SM is superior to that not only of paracetamol, but also of NSAIDs; in postoperative pain and acute primary headache, it is not lower than that of other commonly used analgesics. SM has a pronounced analgesic effect in cancer patients; high doses are comparable to narcotic analgesics in effectiveness but have a significantly more favourable safety profile. Randomised and observational studies confirm that the short-term use of SM is quite safe, including in terms of the risk of developing myelosuppressive side effects. When administered as a course of less than 2 weeks, SM is characterised by a lower frequency of adverse events compared to opioids and an approximately equal one compared to placebo and paracetamol, while longer courses are associated with an increased risk of agranulocytosis. Adverse drug reactions may result from medication errors. The risk of lethal outcome associated with agranulocytosis increases when SM is co-administered with methotrexate or used in elderly patients. In the Russian Federation, SM is an over-the-counter medicinal product approved for a wide range of pain types; it can be used as a highly effective analgesic provided that the dose, route, and frequency of administration are appropriate, the baseline characteristics of patients are taken into account, and unreasonably long courses (more than 2 weeks) are avoided.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метамизол натрия</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>нежелательные реакции</kwd><kwd>агранулоцитоз</kwd><kwd>ошибки применения</kwd><kwd>ошибки назначения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sodium metamizole</kwd><kwd>efficacy</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd><kwd>adverse drug reactions</kwd><kwd>agranulocytosis</kwd><kwd>administration errors</kwd><kwd>prescribing errors</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jasiecka A, Maslanka T, Jaroszewski JJ. 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