<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">safetyrisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2312-7821</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2312-7821-2023-11-2-341</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">safetyrisk-341</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: ОТ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ IN VITRO К IN VIVO И КЛИНИЧЕСКИМ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN TOPIC: FROM IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS TO IN VIVO AND CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Производные тиурониевых солей на основе вицинальных диаминов как потенциальные нейропротекторы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Thiouronium Salt Derivatives Based on Vicinal Diamines as Potential Neuroprotectors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2518-3694</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лозинская</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lozinskaya</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лозинская Наталья Александровна, канд. хим. наук</p><p>Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3, Москва, 119991; Северный проезд, д. 1, Московская область, г. Черноголовка, 142432</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Lozinskaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>1/3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991; 1 Severny Dr., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalylozinskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5428-4641</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозов Алексей Андреевич</p><p>Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3, Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Morozov</p><p>1/3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lexsusmoroz@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9525-3275</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Базанов</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazanov</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Базанов Даниил Романович</p><p>Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3, Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil R. Bazanov</p><p>1/3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">daniil_bazanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5489-3866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милаева</surname><given-names>Е. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Milaeva</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Милаева Елена Рудольфовна, д-р хим. наук, профессор</p><p>Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3, Москва, 119991; Северный проезд, д. 1, Московская область, г. Черноголовка, 142432</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena R. Milaeva, Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Professor</p><p>1/3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991; 1 Severny Dr., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">milaeva@org.chem.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3006-6281</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арешидзе</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Areshidze</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арешидзе Давид Александрович, канд. биол. наук</p><p>ул. Цюрупы, д. 3, Москва, 117418</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>David A. Areshidze, Cand. Sci. (Biol)</p><p>3 Tsyurupa St., Moscow 117418</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">labcelpat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5960-3680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевцов</surname><given-names>П. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevtsov</surname><given-names>P. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевцов Павел Николаевич, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Северный проезд, д. 1, Московская область, г. Черноголовка, 142432</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel N. Shevtsov, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>1 Severny Dr., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shevt@dio.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петрова Людмила Николаевна</p><p>Северный проезд, д. 1, Московская область, г. Черноголовка, 142432</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila N. Petrova</p><p>1 Severny Dr., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plv@chph.ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2887-1185</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевцова</surname><given-names>Е. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevtsova</surname><given-names>E. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевцова Елена Феофановна, д-р хим. наук</p><p>Северный проезд, д. 1, Московская область, г. Черноголовка, 142432</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena F. Shevtsova, Dr. Sci. (Chem.)</p><p>1 Severny Dr., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.f.shevtsova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»; Институт физиологически активных веществ Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки «Федеральный исследовательский центр проблем химической физики и медицинской химии Российской академии наук» (ИФАВ РАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физиологически активных веществ Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки «Федеральный исследовательский центр проблем химической физики и медицинской химии Российской академии наук» (ИФАВ РАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>165</fpage><lpage>175</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лозинская Н.А., Морозов А.А., Базанов Д.Р., Милаева Е.Р., Арешидзе Д.А., Шевцов П.Н., Петрова Л.Н., Шевцова Е.Ф., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лозинская Н.А., Морозов А.А., Базанов Д.Р., Милаева Е.Р., Арешидзе Д.А., Шевцов П.Н., Петрова Л.Н., Шевцова Е.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lozinskaya N.A., Morozov A.A., Bazanov D.R., Milaeva E.R., Areshidze D.A., Shevtsov P.N., Petrova L.N., Shevtsova E.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/341">https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/341</self-uri><abstract><p>Применяемые в клинической практике лекарственные средства для лечения нейродегенеративных заболеваний, в частности болезни Альцгеймера, в основном обладают компенсаторным усиливающим нейротрансмиттерный сигнал механизмом действия. Поиск новых препаратов, сочетающих когнитивно-стимулирующий, нейропротекторный и болезнь-специфический эффекты благодаря мультитаргетному механизму действия, в частности включающему предотвращение глутамат-индуцированного захвата кальция нейронами и стабилизацию микротрубочек, представляется актуальной задачей.</p><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы: поиск потенциальных лекарственных средств с нейропротекторным и корректирующим таупатию потенциалом в ряду новых тиурониевых солей на основе вицинальных диаминов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: изучена способность тиурониевых солей, новых производных тиомочевин, блокировать глутамат-индуцированный захват 45Са2+ синаптосомами мозга крыс линии Wistar. Проведена оценка влияния новых соединений на полимеризацию препарата тубулина и микротубулоассоциированных белков из мозга мышей линии C57bl в присутствии гуанозинтрифосфата по специфическому изменению светопоглощения при 355 нм, вызванному образованием микротрубочек (внутриклеточных структур, входящих в состав цитоскелета). Структуру образовавшихся микротрубочек анализировали после негативного контрастирования с помощью просвечивающей электронной микроскопии. Определение IC50 новых соединений и статистическую обработку результатов проводили с помощью стандартных программ (Excel и PRIZM GraphPad 6.02).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: разработан алгоритм скрининга ряда новых производных тиурониевых солей на основе вицинальных диаминов и проведено изучение их биологической активности в тестах по влиянию на глутамат-индуцированный захват кальция синаптосомами и на процессы сборки микротрубочек. Выявлены соединения, способные подавлять глутамат-индуцированный захват кальция синаптосомами, то есть обладающие нейропротекторным потенциалом. Для ряда новых соединений обнаружена способность стимулировать процессы ГТФ-зависимой сборки микротрубочек. Обнаружено соединение — гидробромид изопропил-N’-[2-(бензоиламино)-1,2-дифенилэтил]-N-этилимидотиокарбамата, — в присутствии которого наблюдается образование микротрубочек нормальной структуры, что делает его перспективной основой для дальнейшей структурной оптимизации. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Most of the medicinal products that are currently approved and used in clinical practice for neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer’s disease, have a compensatory mechanism of action that enhances neurotransmitter signalling. It is an urgent need to develop new medicinal products combining cognitive-enhancing, neuroprotective, and disease-specific effects resulting from a multi-target mechanism of action including, in particular, prevention of glutamate-induced neuronal calcium uptake and stabilisation of microtubules.</p><p>The aim of this study was to search for potentially neuroprotective and tauopathy-alleviating medicines amongst new thiouronium salt derivatives based on vicinal diamines.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study investigated the ability of thiouronium salts to block glutamate-induced 45Ca2+ uptake by synaptosomes prepared from the brain of Wistar rats. The authors evaluated effects of these new compounds on polymerisation of a preparation of C57bl mouse brain tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins. The evaluation was carried out in the presence of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and based on specific absorbance changes at 355 nm due to formation of microtubules. The authors analysed the structure of these microtubules, using negative staining followed by transmission electron microscopy. The IC50 determination and the statistical analysis were performed using standard software (Excel and PRISM 6.02).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The authors developed a screening algorithm for a number of new thiouronium salt derivatives based on vicinal diamines and studied biological activity of these derivatives by the effects on glutamate-induced calcium uptake by synaptosomes and on microtubule assembly processes. The authors identified compounds suppressing glutamate-induced calcium uptake by synaptosomes, i.e. compounds with neuroprotective potential. In addition, a number of new compounds were able to stimulate GTP-dependent microtubule assembly processes. The authors observed formation of microtubules with a normal structure in the presence of isopropyl-N’-[2-(benzoylamino)-1,2-diphenylethyl]-N-ethylimidothiocarbamate hydrobromide and considered the compound a promising scaffold for further optimisation.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Chemical modification of thiouronium salts is a promising direction for developing effective neuroprotectors and microtubule stabilisers. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тиурониевые соли</kwd><kwd>вицинальные диамины</kwd><kwd>микротрубочки</kwd><kwd>эксайтотоксичность</kwd><kwd>нейропротекция</kwd><kwd>таупатия</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>доклинические исследования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thiouronium salts</kwd><kwd>thiourea</kwd><kwd>vicinal diamines</kwd><kwd>microtubules</kwd><kwd>excitotoxicity</kwd><kwd>neuroprotection</kwd><kwd>tauopathy</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer’s disease</kwd><kwd>preclinical studies</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках гранта РНФ № 22-13-00228.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of the Russian Science Foundation’s grant No. 22-13-00228.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Binvignat O, Olloquequi J. Excitotoxicity as a target against neurodegenerative processes. Curr Pharm Des. 2020;26(12):1251–62. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200113162641</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Binvignat O, Olloquequi J. Excitotoxicity as a target against neurodegenerative processes. Curr Pharm Des. 2020;26(12):1251–62. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200113162641</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bachurin SO, Bovina EV, Ustyugov AA. Current trends in the development of drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and their clinical trials. Biomedical Chemistry: Research and Methods. 2018;1(3):e00015. https://doi.org/10.18097/BMCRM00015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bachurin SO, Bovina EV, Ustyugov AA. Current trends in the development of drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and their clinical trials. Biomedical Chemistry: Research and Methods. 2018;1(3):e00015. https://doi.org/10.18097/BMCRM00015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tan CC, Zhang XY, Tan L, Yu JT. Tauopathies: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;61(2):487–508. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-170187</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tan CC, Zhang XY, Tan L, Yu JT. Tauopathies: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;61(2):487–508. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-170187</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valeeva FG, Karimova TR, Pavlov RV, Bakhtiyarov DI, Sapunova AS, Ivshin KA, et al. Introduction of isothiuronium surfactant series: synthesis, structure-dependent aggregation overview and biological activity. J Mol Liq. 2021;324(15):114721–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114721</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valeeva FG, Karimova TR, Pavlov RV, Bakhtiyarov DI, Sapunova AS, Ivshin KA, et al. Introduction of isothiuronium surfactant series: synthesis, structure-dependent aggregation overview and biological activity. J Mol Liq. 2021;324(15):114721–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114721</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jang D, Szabo C, Murrell GA. S-substituted isothioureas are potent inhibitors of nitric oxide biosynthesis in cartilage. Eur J Pharmacol. 1996;312(3):341–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(96)00369-X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jang D, Szabo C, Murrell GA. S-substituted isothioureas are potent inhibitors of nitric oxide biosynthesis in cartilage. Eur J Pharmacol. 1996;312(3):341–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(96)00369-X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kazimierczuk Z, Chalimoniuk M, Laudy AE, Moo-Puc R, Cedillo-Rivera R, Starosciak BJ, Chrapusta SJ. Synthesis and antimicrobial and nitric oxide synthase inhibitory activities of novel isothiourea derivatives. Arch Pharm Res. 2010;33(6):821–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-010-0604-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazimierczuk Z, Chalimoniuk M, Laudy AE, Moo-Puc R, Cedillo-Rivera R, Starosciak BJ, Chrapusta SJ. Synthesis and antimicrobial and nitric oxide synthase inhibitory activities of novel isothiourea derivatives. Arch Pharm Res. 2010;33(6):821–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-010-0604-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galkina IV, Bakhtiyarov DI, Usupova LM, Gerasimov AV, Shulaeva MP, Pozdeev OK, et al. Antimic robial activity of novel isothiuronium salts with 7-chloro-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan-5-olate anion. Mendeleev Communications. 2021;31(3):365–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mencom.2021.04.027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galkina IV, Bakhtiyarov DI, Usupova LM, Gerasimov AV, Shulaeva MP, Pozdeev OK, et al. Antimic robial activity of novel isothiuronium salts with 7-chloro-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan-5-olate anion. Mendeleev Communications. 2021;31(3):365–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mencom.2021.04.027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferreira M, Assunção LS, Silva AH, Filippin-Monteiro FB, Creczynski-Pasa TB, Sá MM. Allylic isothiouronium salts: the discovery of a novel class of thiourea analogues with antitumor activity. Eur J Med Chem. 2017;129:151–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferreira M, Assunção LS, Silva AH, Filippin-Monteiro FB, Creczynski-Pasa TB, Sá MM. Allylic isothiouronium salts: the discovery of a novel class of thiourea analogues with antitumor activity. Eur J Med Chem. 2017;129:151–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun J, Wang J, Ma L, Jiang T, Li X, Guo Q, Li X, Sui Z. Determination and pharmacokinetic study of isothiouronium-modified pyrimidine-substituted curcumin analog (1G), a novel antitumor agent, in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2019;47(1):1505–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2019.1602537</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun J, Wang J, Ma L, Jiang T, Li X, Guo Q, Li X, Sui Z. Determination and pharmacokinetic study of isothiouronium-modified pyrimidine-substituted curcumin analog (1G), a novel antitumor agent, in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2019;47(1):1505–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2019.1602537</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El-Henawy AA, Khowdiary MM, Badawi AB, Soliman HM. In vivo anti-leukemia, quantum chemical calculations and ADMET investigations of some quaternary and isothiouronium surfactants. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2013;6(5):634–49. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph6050634</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El-Henawy AA, Khowdiary MM, Badawi AB, Soliman HM. In vivo anti-leukemia, quantum chemical calculations and ADMET investigations of some quaternary and isothiouronium surfactants. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2013;6(5):634–49. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph6050634</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li ZH, Ma JL, Liu GZ, Zhang XH, Qin TT, Ren WH, et al. [1,2,3]Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives incorporating (thio)urea moiety as a novel scaffold for LSD1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem. 2020;187:111989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111989</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li ZH, Ma JL, Liu GZ, Zhang XH, Qin TT, Ren WH, et al. [1,2,3]Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives incorporating (thio)urea moiety as a novel scaffold for LSD1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem. 2020;187:111989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111989</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fechner GA, Jacobs JJ, Parsons PG. Inhibition of melanogenesis in human melanoma cells by novel analogues of the partial histamine (H2) agonist nordimaprit. Biochem Pharmacol. 1993;46(1):47–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(93)90346-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fechner GA, Jacobs JJ, Parsons PG. Inhibition of melanogenesis in human melanoma cells by novel analogues of the partial histamine (H2) agonist nordimaprit. Biochem Pharmacol. 1993;46(1):47–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(93)90346-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnes JC, Brown JD, Clarke NP, Clapham J, Evans DJ, O’Shaughnessy CT. Pharmacological activity of VUF 9153, an isothiourea histamine H3 receptor antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol. 1993;250(1):147–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(93)90632-R</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnes JC, Brown JD, Clarke NP, Clapham J, Evans DJ, O’Shaughnessy CT. Pharmacological activity of VUF 9153, an isothiourea histamine H3 receptor antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol. 1993;250(1):147–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(93)90632-R</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iwamoto T, Watano T, Shigekawa M. A novel isothiourea derivative selectively inhibits the reverse mode of Na + /Ca 2+ exchange in cells expressing NCX1. J Biol Chem. 1996;271(37):22391–7. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.37.22391</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iwamoto T, Watano T, Shigekawa M. A novel isothiourea derivative selectively inhibits the reverse mode of Na + /Ca 2+ exchange in cells expressing NCX1. J Biol Chem. 1996;271(37):22391–7. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.37.22391</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watano T, Kimura J, Morita T, Nakanishi H. A novel antagonist, No. 7943, of the Na + /Ca 2+ exchange current in guinea-pig cardiac ventricular cells. Br J Pharmacol. 1996;119(3):555–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15708.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watano T, Kimura J, Morita T, Nakanishi H. A novel antagonist, No. 7943, of the Na + /Ca 2+ exchange current in guinea-pig cardiac ventricular cells. Br J Pharmacol. 1996;119(3):555–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15708.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Прошин АН, Григорьев ВВ, Тихонова ИГ, Палюлин ВА, Бачурин СО. Тетразамещенные соли изотиурония как мультитаргетные соединения, действующие на NMDA- и АМРА-рецепторы мозга. Известия Академии наук. Серия химическая. 2015;(9):2189–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11172-015-1137-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Proshin AN, Grigor’ev VV, Tikhonova IG, Palyulin VA, Bachurin SO. Tetrasubstituted thiuronium salts as multitarget compounds affecting brain NMDA and AMPA receptors. Russ Chem Bull. 2015;64(9):2189–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11172-015-1137-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Proskurnina MV, Lozinskaya NA, Tkachenko SE, Zefirov NS. Reaction of aromatic aldehydes with ammonium acetate. Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2002;38(8):1149–53. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020997325550</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Proskurnina MV, Lozinskaya NA, Tkachenko SE, Zefirov NS. Reaction of aromatic aldehydes with ammonium acetate. Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2002;38(8):1149–53. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020997325550</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hajós F. An improved method for the preparation of synaptosomal fractions in high purity. Brain Res. 1975;93(3):485–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(75)90186-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hajós F. An improved method for the preparation of synaptosomal fractions in high purity. Brain Res. 1975;93(3):485–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(75)90186-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petrova LN, Bachurin SO. Specificity of glutamate receptors in P 2 synaptosomal fraction from rat brain cortex. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2006;142(1):43–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-006-0287-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrova LN, Bachurin SO. Specificity of glutamate receptors in P 2 synaptosomal fraction from rat brain cortex. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2006;142(1):43–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-006-0287-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bachurin SO, Makhaeva GF, Shevtsova EF, Aksinenko AY, Grigoriev VV, Shevtsov PN, et al. Conjugation of aminoadamantane and γ-carboline pharmacophores gives rise to unexpected properties of multifunctional ligands. Molecules. 2021;26(18):5527. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185527</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bachurin SO, Makhaeva GF, Shevtsova EF, Aksinenko AY, Grigoriev VV, Shevtsov PN, et al. Conjugation of aminoadamantane and γ-carboline pharmacophores gives rise to unexpected properties of multifunctional ligands. Molecules. 2021;26(18):5527. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185527</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shevtsov PN, Shevtsova EF, Burbaeva GSh, Bachurin SO. Effects of anti-Alzheimer drugs on phosphorylation and assembly of microtubules from brain microtubular proteins. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2014;156(6):768–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-014-2445-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shevtsov PN, Shevtsova EF, Burbaeva GSh, Bachurin SO. Effects of anti-Alzheimer drugs on phosphorylation and assembly of microtubules from brain microtubular proteins. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2014;156(6):768–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-014-2445-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
