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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">safetyrisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2312-7821</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2312-7821-2023-11-3-279-291</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">safetyrisk-369</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ГИПОЛИПИДЕМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ: НЕ ТОЛЬКО СТАТИНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN TOPIC: CURRENT LIPID-LOWERING THERAPY: STATINS AND MORE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Антагонисты PCSK9: эффективность в клинической практике и основные направления создания новых лекарственных средств</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PCSK9 Antagonists: Clinical Efficacy and Main Trends in the Development of New Medicines</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0620-238X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Некипелова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nekipelova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Некипелова Алена Александровна</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alyona A. Nekipelova</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nekipelovaaa@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4647-977X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аляутдин</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alyautdin</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аляутдин Ренад Николаевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор.</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Renad N. Alyautdin - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor.</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alyautdin@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>279</fpage><lpage>291</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Некипелова А.А., Аляутдин Р.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Некипелова А.А., Аляутдин Р.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nekipelova A.A., Alyautdin R.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/369">https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/369</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания являются ведущей причиной смерти в мире. Дислипидемия как патофизиологическая основа атеросклероза — важнейшая причина развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. В число факторов, модифицирующих эту патологию, Всемирная организация здравоохранения включает статины, которые эффективно снижают уровень холестерина. Вместе с тем приверженность лечению статинами недостаточна для достижения популяционных контрольных показателей уровня липидов. Этот факт является мощным стимулом для создания принципиально новых групп гиполипидемических средств, в частности антагонистов пропротеиновой конвертазы субтилизин/кексин типа 9 (PCSK9).</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Обзор инновационных подходов к созданию нового поколения гиполипидемических средств — антагонистов PCSK9, оценка их эффективности, безопасности и перспектив применения в клинической практике.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Применение антагонистов PCSK9 значительно повышает эффективность гиполипидемической терапии при комбинировании со статинами или в случае монотерапии при наличии противопоказаний для назначения статинов. Препараты моноклональных антител к PCSK9, а также препарат инклисиран характеризуются благоприятным соотношением «польза–риск». Вместе с тем высокая стоимость находящихся в гражданском обороте антагонистов PCSK9 ограничивает их применение в клинической практике. Показано, что перспективными направлениями создания новых антагонистов PCSK9 с принципиально иными механизмами действия являются аднектины, технология редактирования генома CRISPR/Cas9, малые молекулы и низкомолекулярные ингибиторы PCSK9, вакцины против PCSK9, антисмысловые олигонуклеотиды. Препараты из данных групп находятся на различных этапах доклинических и клинических исследований.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Таким образом, разработка новых гиполипидемических средств может реализовываться как путем синтеза высокои низкомолекулярных лигандов PCSK9, так и путем воздействия на генетические механизмы синтеза этого белка. Рассмотренные в обзоре инновационные лекарственные средства отличаются высокой эффективностью, для большинства из них на дорегистрационном этапе не было отмечено проявлений токсичности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Scientific relevance</title><p>Scientific relevance. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Dyslipidemia, as the pathophysiological basis of atherosclerosis, is the most important cause of CVD. Among the factors that modify this pathology, the World Health Organisation lists statins, which effectively reduce the cholesterol level. However, statin treatment compliance is not sufficient to achieve population-based lipid targets. This is a powerful stimulus for the creation of fundamentally new groups of lipid-lowering agents, in particular, antagonists of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9).</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The study aimed to review innovative approaches to developing a new generation of lipid-lowering agents, PCSK9 antagonists, and to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and clinical potential of these medicines.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. PCSK9 antagonists significantly increase the effectiveness of lipid-lowering therapy when combined with statins and are an effective monotherapy in patients with contraindications for statins. PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies, as well as inclisiran, have a favourable risk–benefit ratio. However, the high cost of commercially available PCSK9 antagonists limits their clinical use. A number of promising directions exist for developing new PCSK9 antagonists that have fundamentally different mechanisms of action, such as adnectins; genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9; combining small molecules with low molecular weight PCSK9 inhibitors; PCSK9 vaccines; and antisense oligonucleotides. Medicinal products from these groups are currently at various stages of preclinical and clinical development.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Therefore, new lipid-lowering agents can be developed by synthesising high and low molecular weight PCSK9 ligands and by altering the genetic mechanisms of PCSK9 synthesis. The innovative medicines considered in this review are highly effective, and most have shown no signs of toxicity at the pre-authorisation stage.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антагонисты PCSK9</kwd><kwd>пропротеиновая конвертаза субтилизин/кексин типа 9</kwd><kwd>статины</kwd><kwd>моноклональные антитела</kwd><kwd>алирокумаб</kwd><kwd>эволокумаб</kwd><kwd>малая интерферирующая РНК</kwd><kwd>инклисиран</kwd><kwd>гиполипидимические средства</kwd><kwd>холестерин</kwd><kwd>липопротеины низкой плотности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>PCSK9 antagonists</kwd><kwd>proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9</kwd><kwd>statins</kwd><kwd>monoclonal antibodies</kwd><kwd>alirocumab</kwd><kwd>evolocumab</kwd><kwd>small interfering RNA</kwd><kwd>inclisiran</kwd><kwd>hypolipidemic agents</kwd><kwd>cholesterol</kwd><kwd>low-density lipoproteins</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России № 05600052-23-00 на проведение прикладных научных исследований (номер государственного учета НИР 121021800098-4)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study reported in this publication was carried out as part of publicly funded research project No. 056-0005223-00 and was supported by the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products (R&amp;D public accounting No. 121021800098-4)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iannuzzo G, Gentile M, Bresciani A, Mallardo V, Di Lorenzo A, Merone P, et al. 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