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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">safetyrisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2312-7821</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2312-7821-2023-386</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">safetyrisk-386</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фармакогенетически-информированная фармакометаболомика как инновационный подход к оценке безопасности и риска фармакотерапии препаратами вальпроевой кислоты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacogenetics-Informed Pharmacometabolomics as an Innovative Approach to Assessing the Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy with Valproic Acid</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2840-837X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шнайдер</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shnayder</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шнайдер Наталья Алексеевна, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>ул. Бехтерева, д. 3, Санкт-Петербург, 192019</p><p>ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 1, Красноярск, 660022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia А. Shnayder, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>3 Bekhterev St., St Petersburg 192019</p><p>1 Partisan Zheleznyak St., Krasnoyarsk 660022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">naschnaider@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8279-4198</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гречкина</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grechkina</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гречкина Виолетта Владимировна</p><p>ул. Бехтерева, д. 3, Санкт-Петербург, 192019</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Violetta V. Grechkina</p><p>3 Bekhterev St., St Petersburg 192019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grechkina.vv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1441-3418</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Архипов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arkhipov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Архипов Владимир Владимирович, д-р мед. наук, доцент</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Arkhipov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Рrofessor</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arkhipov@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1874-9434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насырова</surname><given-names>Р. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasyrova</surname><given-names>R. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Насырова Регина Фаритовна, д-р мед. наук</p><p>ул. Бехтерева, д. 3, Санкт-Петербург, 192019</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Regina F. Nasyrova, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>3 Bekhterev St., St Petersburg 192019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">regina_nmrcpn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт персонализированной психиатрии и неврологии, Центр общего пользования, Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева; Центр коллективного пользования «Молекулярные и клеточные технологии», Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology; Shared Core Facilities “Molecular and Cellular Technologies”, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт персонализированной психиатрии и неврологии, Центр общего пользования, Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>450</fpage><lpage>462</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шнайдер Н.А., Гречкина В.В., Архипов В.В., Насырова Р.Ф., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шнайдер Н.А., Гречкина В.В., Архипов В.В., Насырова Р.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shnayder N.A., Grechkina V.V., Arkhipov V.V., Nasyrova R.F.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/386">https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/386</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Вальпроевая кислота (ВК) —  психотропное лекарственное средство, применение которого может сопровождаться развитием серьезных нежелательных реакций (НР). На безопасность вальпроатов могут существенно влиять фармакогенетика и фармакометаболомика. При этом единые подходы к прогнозированию рисков, профилактике и коррекции ВК-индуцированных НР отсутствуют.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Систематизировать результаты отечественных и зарубежных исследований токсических метаболитов ВК и разработать новый персонализированный подход к оценке безопасности и рисков при фармакотерапии вальпроатами в реальной клинической практике.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Проведен анализ данных отечественных и зарубежных публикаций, отражающих результаты доклинических и клинических исследований роли токсических метаболитов ВК, поступивших в базы данных eLibrary, PubMed®, Scopus, Google Scholar в период 2012–2022 гг. Критериями включения статей в исследование являлись наличие полнотекстовых публикаций на русском или английском языках, тип публикации — оригинальная статья, систематический обзор, метаанализ, Кокрейновский обзор, клинический случай. Показано, что число изученных токсических метаболитов ВК более 20. Они образуются в результате метаболизма ВК в печени с участием ферментов Р-окисления, ацетилирования (бета-окисления) и глюкуронидации. Функциональная активность этих ферментов генетически детерминирована и ассоциирована с гетерозиготным или гомозиготным носительством нефункциональных и низкофункциональных аллелей однонуклеотидных вариантов генов, кодирующих эти ферменты. Трансфер результатов доклинических и клинических исследований в реальную клиническую практику с использованием фармакогенетически-информированной фармакометаболомики может повысить безопасность ВК и ее соединений. Это новый персонализированный подход, позволяющий на основе фармакогенетического профилирования идентифицировать пациентов группы высокого риска развития ВК-индуцированных НР, индивидуально подбирать стартовые и целевые дозы ВК и ее соединений, определять сроки и кратность проведения терапевтического лекарственного мониторинга, мониторинга токсических метаболитов ВК в биологических жидкостях (кровь, слюна, моча) и выбрать стратегию профилактики и коррекции ВК-индуцированных НР с учетом фармакометаболического профиля конкретного пациента.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Надлежащее осуществление мониторинга ВК-индуцированных НР всеми участниками обращения лекарственных средств, активное вовлечение неврологов и психиатров в прогнозирование и профилактику возможного развития НР, наблюдение за безопасностью лечения вальпроатами, включение в учебные программы профессионального обучения неврологов и психиатров конкретных разделов по практическому применению фармакогенетически-информированной фармакометаболомики и фармаконадзора будут способствовать повышению качества медицинской помощи пациентам с неврологическими заболеваниями и психическими расстройствами.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Scientific relevance</title><p>Scientific relevance. Valproic acid (VPA) is a psychotropic medicinal product, which may be associated with serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs). While pharmacogenetics and pharmacometabolomics can significantly affect the safety of valproates, there are no unified approaches to predicting, preventing, and correcting VPA-induced ADRs.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. This study aimed to collate the results of national and international studies on toxic VPA metabolites and to develop a novel personalised approach to assessing the safety and risks of valproate therapy in real-world clinical practice.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. This study analysed national and international publications reflecting the results of preclinical and clinical studies on toxic VPA metabolites submitted to e-Library, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar in 2012–2022. The inclusion criteria were full-text original articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, Cochrane reviews, and clinical cases in Russian or English. According to the analysis results, VPA has 20 studied toxic metabolites, which result from hepatic VPA metabolism involving P-oxidation, acetylation (β-oxidation), and glucuronidation enzymes. The functional activity of these enzymes is genetically determined and associated with heterozygous or homozygous carriage of non-functional/low-function single-nucleotide variant alleles in genes encoding these enzymes. The safety of VPA and its compounds can be improved by transferring the results of preclinical and clinical studies into real-world clinical practice using pharmacogenetics-informed pharmacometabolomics. Pharmacogenetics-informed pharmacometabolomics is a novel and personalised approach that helps, based on pharmacogenetic profiling, identify patients at high risk of VPA-induced ADRs, individually select starting and target doses of VPA and its compounds, determine the timing and frequency for therapeutic drug monitoring and monitoring toxic VPA metabolites in biological fluids (blood, saliva, and urine), and select a strategy for the prevention and correction of VPA-induced ADRs, taking into account patients’ individual pharmacometabolic profiles.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The quality of medical care for patients with neurological diseases and mental disorders will improve with proper monitoring of VPA-induced ADRs by all entities involved in the medicinal product life cycle; active involvement of neurologists and psychiatrists in the prediction, prevention, and monitoring of the safety of valproate treatment; and inclusion of specific sections on practical pharmacogenetics-informed pharmacometabolomics and pharmacovigilance in the professional training curricula for neurologists and psychiatrists.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вальпроевая кислота</kwd><kwd>вальпроат-индуцированные нежелательные реакции</kwd><kwd>вальпроат-индуцированный метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>токсические метаболиты</kwd><kwd>сывороточные биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>плазменные биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>мочевые биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>фармакометаболомика</kwd><kwd>фармакогенетика</kwd><kwd>персонализированная медицина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>valproic acid</kwd><kwd>valproate-induced adverse reactions</kwd><kwd>valproate-induced metabolic syndrome</kwd><kwd>toxic metabolites</kwd><kwd>serum biomarkers</kwd><kwd>plasma biomarkers</kwd><kwd>urinary biomarkers</kwd><kwd>pharmacometabolomics</kwd><kwd>pharmacogenetics</kwd><kwd>personalised medicine</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was performed without external funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бочанова ЕН, Шнайдер НА, Зырянов СК, Дмитренко ДВ, Журавлев ДА, Ноздрачев КГ и др. 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