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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">safetyrisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2312-7821</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2312-7821-2024-416</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">safetyrisk-416</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: РАЗУМНАЯ ДОСТАТОЧНОСТЬ КАК ПРИНЦИП ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ ТЕРАПИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN TOPIC: REASONABLE SUFFICIENCY AS A PRINCIPLE OF PHARMACOTHERAPY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Повышение эффективности и безопасности использования метотрексата: фокус на лекарственные взаимодействия (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Enhancing the Efficacy and Safety of Methotrexate Treatment: A Focus on Drug Interactions (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5858-7877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Докторова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Doktorova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Докторова Светлана Алексеевна</p><p>ул. А. Невского, д. 14, г. Калининград, 236041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Doktorova</p><p>14 A. Nevsky St., Kaliningrad 236041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svdoktorova96@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1758-3065</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грабовецкая</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grabovetskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грабовецкая Юлия Юрьевна</p><p>ул. А. Невского, д. 14, г. Калининград, 236041;</p><p>ул. Клиническая, д. 74, г. Калининград, 236016</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya Yu. Grabovetskaya</p><p>14 A. Nevsky St., Kaliningrad 236041; </p><p>74 Klinicheskaya St., Kaliningrad 236016</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.grabovetskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9941-4478</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стефанов</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stefanov</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стефанов Михаил</p><p>ул. А. Невского, д. 14, г. Калининград, 236041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Michail Stefanov</p><p>14 A. Nevsky St., Kaliningrad 236041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">themrstefanov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2503-9580</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рафальский</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rafalskiy</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рафальский Владимир Витальевич, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>ул. А. Невского, д. 14, г. Калининград, 236041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Rafalskiy, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>14 A. Nevsky St., Kaliningrad 236041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.rafalskiy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Балтийский федеральный университет имени Иммануила Канта»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Балтийский федеральный университет имени Иммануила Канта»; Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Клинико-диагностическая поликлиника Областной клинической больницы Калининградской области»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University; Clinical and Diagnostic Outpatient Clinic of the Regional Clinical Hospital of the Kaliningrad Region</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>285</fpage><lpage>298</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Докторова С.А., Грабовецкая Ю.Ю., Стефанов М., Рафальский В.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Докторова С.А., Грабовецкая Ю.Ю., Стефанов М., Рафальский В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Doktorova S.A., Grabovetskaya Y.Y., Stefanov M., Rafalskiy V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/416">https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/416</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Метотрексат (МТ) — базисный противовоспалительный препарат (БПВП) в лечении ревматоидного артрита, является эталоном для оценки эффективности и безопасности биологических, а также таргетных синтетических препаратов. Однако узкий терапевтический диапазон МТ, вариабельность фармакокинетических и фармакодинамических показателей у пациентов, а также потенциальные клинически значимые лекарственные взаимодействия могут явиться причинами неэффективности лечения и повышения риска развития нежелательных реакций (НР).</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Описать ключевые клинически значимые лекарственные взаимодействия метотрексата при терапии ревматологических заболеваний и определить возможные подходы к решению данной проблемы на основании анализа данных литературы.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. МТ характеризуется фармакокинетическими лекарственными взаимодействиями, происходящими на этапах всасывания, проникновения в клетку и выведения препарата. Показано, что на элиминацию МТ и его терапевтические эффекты могут оказывать влияние некоторые нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты, теофиллин, сульфасалазин, антибактериальные средства и ингибиторы протонной помпы. Основными НР, связанными с приемом МТ, являются гематотоксичность, гепатотоксичность, повреждение легочной ткани (интерстициальный пневмонит, фиброз легких) и нарушение функции почек. Тяжесть НР зависит от дозы МТ, сопутствующих заболеваний и приема других препаратов. Токсичность МТ может усиливаться при одновременном приеме лекарственных препаратов, которым свойственны гематотоксичность и негативное влияние на функцию почек (нарушение путей элиминации лекарственных средств). При совместном назначении МТ и лекарственных препаратов, имеющих описанные в литературе клинически значимые лекарственные взаимодействия, также необходимо учитывать факторы риска конкретного пациента. Среди наиболее значимых факторов риска: среднетяжелые и тяжелые нарушения функции почек и печени, пожилой возраст, полипрагмазия и гипоальбуминемия.</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Описаны потенциальные клинически значимые лекарственные взаимодействия между МТ и некоторыми нестероидными противовоспалительными препаратами, антибактериальными препаратами, ингибиторами протонной помпы, которые могут привести к повышению токсичности МТ, снижению его эффективности и зависят от индивидуальных особенностей пациентов. Депрескрайбинг, кратковременная отмена и оптимизация дозирования МТ могут рассматриваться как подходы к снижению рисков лекарственного взаимодействия.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Methotrexate (MTX) is the main disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) and the gold standard for the safety and efficacy evaluation of biologicals and targeted small molecules. However, its narrow therapeutic range, interpatient variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and potential clinically relevant drug–drug interactions (DDIs) may lead to treatment failure and increase the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs).</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. The study aimed to describe the main clinically significant DDIs associated with MTX used in rheumatic disease therapy and determine possible approaches to addressing this issue based on a literature review.</p></sec><sec><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>DISCUSSION. MTX is characterised by pharmacokinetic DDIs during absorption, cell penetration, and elimination. Some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), theophylline, sulfasalazine, antibacterial agents, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) affect MTX elimination and therapeutic effects. The main ADRs associated with MTX include haematotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, lung tissue damage (interstitial pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis), and renal dysfunction. The severity of these ADRs depends on the dose, comorbidities, and concomitant therapy. The toxicity of MTX may be increased by the concomitant administration of medicinal products that exhibit haematotoxicity and affect renal function (impair the elimination of medicines). When co-administering MTX and medicines having clinically significant DDIs described in the literature, healthcare providers should consider the risk factors for each individual patient. The most significant risk factors include moderate to severe renal and hepatic impairment, older age, polypharmacy, and hypoalbuminemia.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. This article describes potential clinically significant interactions between MTX and certain NSAIDs, antibacterial agents, and PPIs that depend on individual patient characteristics and may increase the toxicity or decrease the effectiveness of MTX. MTX deprescribing, short-term withdrawal, and dosing optimisation may be considered as approaches to DDI risk mitigation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метотрексат</kwd><kwd>лекарственные взаимодействия</kwd><kwd>нежелательные реакции</kwd><kwd>фармакокинетика</kwd><kwd>фармакодинамика</kwd><kwd>безопасность лекарственных средств</kwd><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>базисные противовоспалительные препараты</kwd><kwd>биологические препараты</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы протонной помпы</kwd><kwd>нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>methotrexate</kwd><kwd>drug interactions</kwd><kwd>adverse drug reactions</kwd><kwd>pharmacokinetics</kwd><kwd>pharmacodynamics</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs</kwd><kwd>biologicals</kwd><kwd>proton pump inhibitors</kwd><kwd>non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данная работа была поддержана из средств программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет 2030» БФУ им. И. Канта, научный проект № 123102600004-1.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was supported by funds provided to the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University through the Russian Federal Academic Leadership Programme “Priority 2030” (project No. 123102600004-1).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weinblatt ME. Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: a quarter century of development. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2013;124:16–25. PMID: 23874006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weinblatt ME. Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: a quarter century of development. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2013;124:16–25. 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