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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">safetyrisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2312-7821</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2312-7821-2024-418</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">safetyrisk-418</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: ИННОВАЦИИ И ВЫЗОВЫ В ФАРМАКОТЕРАПИИ: ОТ РАЗРАБОТКИ НОВЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ ДО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN TOPIC: INNOVATIONS AND CHALLENGES IN PHARMACOTHERAPY: FROM DEVELOPING NOVEL MEDICINAL PRODUCTS TO ENSURING THEIR CLINICAL SAFETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Антипсихотик-индуцированный паркинсонизм: шкала оценки риска и алгоритм персонализированной диагностики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antipsychotic-Induced Parkinsonism: A Risk Assessment Scale and Personalised Diagnosis Algorithm</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2840-837X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шнайдер</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shnayder</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шнайдер Наталья Алексеевна, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>ул. Бехтерева, д. 3, Санкт-Петербург, 192019 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia А. Shnayder, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>3 Bekhterev St., St Petersburg 192019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nataliashnayder@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6836-9590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вайман</surname><given-names>Е. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vaiman</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вайман Елена Эдуардовна</p><p>ул. Бехтерева, д. 3, Санкт-Петербург, 192019 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena E. Vaiman</p><p>3 Bekhterev St., St Petersburg 192019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vaimanelenadoc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1874-9434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насырова</surname><given-names>Р. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasyrova</surname><given-names>R. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Насырова Регина Фаритовна, д-р мед. наук</p><p>ул. Бехтерева, д. 3, Санкт-Петербург, 192019</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Regina F. Nasyrova, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>3 Bekhterev St., St Petersburg 192019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">regina_nmrcpn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт персонализированной психиатрии и неврологии, Центр общего пользования, Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Use Center, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шнайдер Н.А., Вайман Е.Э., Насырова Р.Ф., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шнайдер Н.А., Вайман Е.Э., Насырова Р.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shnayder N.A., Vaiman E.E., Nasyrova R.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/418">https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/418</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Антипсихотик-индуцированный паркинсонизм (АИП) — неврологическая нежелательная реакция со стороны экстрапирамидной системы, возникающая на фоне приема антипсихотиков (АП), которая относится к несерьезным нежелательным реакциям. Однако при развитии АИП у пациентов с расстройствами шизофренического спектра значительно снижается качество жизни, поэтому актуальной задачей является ранняя диагностика и своевременная коррекция АИП.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Разработать шкалу оценки риска и персонализированный алгоритм диагностики АИП как наиболее распространенной и клинически значимой неврологической нежелательной реакции у пациентов с расстройствами шизофренического спектра.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Проведен анализ модифицируемых и немодифицируемых факторов риска развития АИП, шкал и опросников, которые используются для диагностики АИП, а также методов лабораторной диагностики АИП на основе информации из полнотекстовых публикаций на русском и английском языках, размещенных в базах данных eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed, Springer, ClinicalKey, Google Scholar. Предварительно выполнена сравнительная оценка эффективности использования валидных шкал риска развития АИП: шкала Симпсона–Ангуса (Simpson–Angus Scale, SAS), шкала оценки экстрапирамидных симптомов (Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale, ESRS), унифицируемая шкала оценки болезни Паркинсона (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, UPDRS), шкала Хэн и Яра (H&amp;Y Scale), рейтинговая шкала Д.Д. Вебстера (Webster Scale), рейтинговая шкала оценки паркинсонизма R.H. Mindham (Mindham Scale). Учтены такие характеристики, как продолжительность тестирования, степень достоверности оценки клинических проявлений АИП, возможность оценки факторов риска (предикторов) АИП, возможность оценки скорости развития АИП. Полученные результаты легли в основу разработки авторского рискометра АИП и алгоритма диагностики.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Разработана авторская шкала диагностики и прогнозирования развития АИП, позволяющая оценить риск развития АИП. Для пациентов, имеющих высокий и средний риск развития АИП, определены направления персонализированной тактики ведения пациента. Представлен алгоритм диагностики АИП у пациентов с расстройствами шизофренического спектра в двух вариациях: с использованием прореактивного и реактивного фармакогенетического тестирования. Показано, что прореактивное фармакогенетическое тестирование позволяет определить риск развития АИП у пациента до применения основной терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Использование разработанной шкалы оценки риска и алгоритмов диагностики АИП может быть актуальным для практикующих неврологов, психиатров и клинических фармакологов. Разработка и внедрение в реальную клиническую практику новых инструментов для оценки риска, профилактики и диагностики АИП как наиболее распространенной неврологической нежелательной реакции при применении антипсихотических препаратов может обеспечить повышение качества лечебно-профилактической помощи пациентам с рассматриваемыми психическими расстройствами.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Antipsychotic-induced parkinsonism (AIP) is an extrapyramidal adverse drug reaction (ADR) associated with antipsychotics (APs). Despite its classification as a non-serious ADR, AIP significantly decreases the quality of life in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, which makes early diagnosis and timely management of AIP an urgent issue.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. This study aimed to develop a risk assessment scale and a personalised diagnostic algorithm for AIP as the most common and clinically significant neurological ADR in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The authors analysed modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for AIP, as well as rating scales, questionnaires, and laboratory testing methods to diagnose the condition. The analysis was based on full-text publications in Russian or in English sourced from the eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed, Springer, ClinicalKey, and Google Scholar databases. As a preliminary step, the authors compared the effectiveness of validated AIP risk assessment scales, including the Simpson–Angus Scale (SAS), the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS), the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Hoehn and Yahr scale (H&amp;Y Scale), the Webster Rating Scale, and the Mindham Rating Scale. Comparisons were made regarding the duration of testing, the degree of reliability in assessing clinical manifestations of AIP, and the ability to assess risk factors (predictors) of AIP and the rate of AIP development. The results obtained formed the basis for developing an AIP riskometer and a diagnostic algorithm.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. The authors developed an original risk assessment scale for diagnosing and predicting AIP. Directions for personalised patient management were determined for patients at high and medium risk of AIP. This article presents an algorithm for diagnosing AIP in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in two variants based on pro-reactive (predictive) or reactive pharmacogenetic testing. According to the study results, pro-reactive pharmacogenetic testing can help determine the risk of AIP in a patient before primary therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. The risk assessment scale and the personalised diagnostic algorithm developed by the authors may be useful for practising neurologists, psychiatrists, and clinical pharmacologists. The development and clinical implementation of novel tools for risk assessment, prevention, and diagnosis of AIP—the most common AP-associated neurological ADR—can improve the quality of treatment and preventive care for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антипсихотики</kwd><kwd>шизофрения</kwd><kwd>антипсихотик-индуцированный паркинсонизм</kwd><kwd>нежелательные реакции</kwd><kwd>алгоритм диагностики</kwd><kwd>ранняя диагностика</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>рискометр</kwd><kwd>терапевтический лекарственный мониторинг</kwd><kwd>гомованилиновая кислота</kwd><kwd>фармакогенетическое тестирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antipsychotics</kwd><kwd>schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>antipsychotic-induced parkinsonism</kwd><kwd>adverse drug reactions</kwd><kwd>diagnostic algoritm</kwd><kwd>early diagnosis</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>riskometer</kwd><kwd>therapeutic drug monitoring</kwd><kwd>homovanillic acid</kwd><kwd>pharmacogenetic testing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания Национального медицинского исследовательского центра психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (XSOZ 2024 0012)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was performed as part of the state assignment of the V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology of the Russian Ministry of Health (XSOZ 2024 0012)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левин ОС, ред. Экстрапирамидные расстройства — вчера, сегодня, завтра. М.: МЕДпресс-информ; 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levin OS, ed. Extrapyramidal disorders — yesterday, today, tomorrow. Moscow: MEDpress-inform; 2015 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шнайдер НА, Вайман ЕЭ, Незнанов НГ, Насырова РФ. 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