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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">safetyrisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2312-7821</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2312-7821-2024-444</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">safetyrisk-444</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: ИННОВАЦИИ И ВЫЗОВЫ В ФАРМАКОТЕРАПИИ: ОТ РАЗРАБОТКИ НОВЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ ДО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN TOPIC: INNOVATIONS AND CHALLENGES IN PHARMACOTHERAPY: FROM DEVELOPING NOVEL MEDICINAL PRODUCTS TO ENSURING THEIR CLINICAL SAFETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Медицинские ошибки при применении левофлоксацина: анализ данных национальной базы спонтанных сообщений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medication Errors Associated with the Use of Levofloxacin: An Analysis of the National Database of Spontaneous Reports</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6641-7752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асецкая</surname><given-names>И. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Asetskaya</surname><given-names>I. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Асецкая Ирина Львовна, канд. мед. наук, доцент</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, Москва, 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina L. Asetskaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asetil@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6348-6867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зырянов</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zyryanov</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зырянов Сергей Кенсаринович, д-р мед. наук, ­профессор</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, Москва, 117198; ул. Писцовая, д. 10, Москва, 127015</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey K. Zyryanov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow 117198; 10 Pistsovaya St., Moscow 127015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zyryanov-sk@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0174-2765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самсонова</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samsonova</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самсонова Кристина Ивановна</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, Москва, 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina I. Samsonova</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7729-2169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутранова</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Butranova</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бутранова Ольга Игоревна, канд. мед. наук, доцент</p><p>Ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, Москва, 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga I. Butranova, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1272-8042</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терехина</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Terekhina</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Терехина Елизавета Николаевна</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, Москва, 117198; Славянская пл., д. 4, стр. 1, Москва, 109074</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta N. Terekhina</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow 117198; 4/1 Slavyanskaya Sq., Moscow 109074</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5110-978X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поливанов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polivanov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поливанов Виталий Анатольевич</p><p>Славянская пл., д. 4, стр. 1, Москва, 109074</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaliy A. Polivanov</p><p>4/1 Slavyanskaya Sq., Moscow 109074</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы»; Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Городская клиническая больница № 24 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba; City Clinical Hospital no. 24 of the Moscow City Health Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы»; Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Информационно-методический центр по экспертизе, учету и анализу обращения средств медицинского применения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере здравоохранения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba; Information and Methodological Center for Expert Evaluation, Recording and Analysis of Circulation of Medical Products of Roszdravnadzor</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Информационно-методический центр по экспертизе, учету и анализу обращения средств медицинского применения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере здравоохранения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Information and Methodological Center for Expert Evaluation, Recording and Analysis of Circulation of Medical Products of Roszdravnadzor</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Асецкая И.Л., Зырянов С.К., Самсонова К.И., Бутранова О.И., Терехина Е.Н., Поливанов В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Асецкая И.Л., Зырянов С.К., Самсонова К.И., Бутранова О.И., Терехина Е.Н., Поливанов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Asetskaya I.L., Zyryanov S.K., Samsonova K.I., Butranova O.I., Terekhina E.N., Polivanov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/444">https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/444</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. В связи с обнаружением новых рисков, обусловленных применением фторхинолонов и распространением антибиотикорезистентности, большое значение для обеспечения рациональной антибиотикотерапии приобретают выявление и анализ медицинских ошибок при назначении препаратов данной группы. Одним из наиболее часто используемых в реальной клинической практике фторхинолонов является левофлоксацин.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Изучить структуру медицинских ошибок при применении препаратов группы фторхинолонов на примере левофлоксацина на основе анализа данных российской базы спонтанных сообщений.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Проведен ретроспективный анализ спонтанных сообщений, поступивших в российскую базу данных, о нежелательных реакциях в период с 01.04.2019 по 28.02.2023. Критерии включения: спонтанные сообщения, по информации которых нежелательные реакции произошли на территории Российской Федерации и в качестве подозреваемого препарата указан левофлоксацин. Для выявления медицинских ошибок использовали информацию утвержденных инструкций по медицинскому применению левофлоксацина, официальных клинических рекомендаций и Программы СКАТ (Стратегия контроля антимикробной терапии).</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В анализ было включено 950 спонтанных сообщений. Факты медицинских ошибок при назначении левофлоксацина были выявлены в 307 (32,3%) спонтанных сообщениях, общее количество ошибок — 332. Основными видами медицинских ошибок при выборе препарата являлись: назначение левофлоксацина при отсутствии показаний для любой антибактериальной терапии (38,9% от всех медицинских ошибок, n=129, при этом в 76,0% случаев левофлоксацин применяли при вирусных инфекциях), неверный выбор левофлоксацина в качестве препарата первой линии (18,1%, n=60), нерациональное, в основном избыточное, назначение комбинации левофлоксацина с другими антибактериальными препаратами (15,4%, n=51). Реже медицинские ошибки заключались в нарушениях режима дозирования (13,0%, n=43), назначении левофлоксацина при наличии противопоказаний (8,7%, n=29), неверном выборе пути введения (3,9%, n=13) и лекарственной формы (2,1%, n=7).</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Практика назначения антибиотиков, в частности левофлоксацина, при вирусных инфекциях продолжается, несмотря на убедительные доказательства отсутствия эффекта. Эффективное и безопасное использование антибиотиков обеспечивает только их назначение по утвержденным показаниям с соблюдением рекомендуемой дозировки и способа применения. Необходима разработка мер по ограничению избыточного применения антибиотиков, которое может иметь неблагоприятные последствия не только для конкретного пациента, но и для общественного здоровья в целом в связи с повышением риска развития микробной резистентности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Newly identified risks associated with the use of fluoroquinolones and the spread of antimicrobial resistance make the identification and analysis of medication errors (MEs) in prescribing fluoroquinolones especially important for providing rational antibiotic therapy. Fluoroquinolones that are most commonly used in real-world clinical settings include levofloxacin.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. This study aimed to examine the pattern of MEs associated with fluoroquinolones, exemplified by levofloxacin, through an analysis of spontaneous reports (SRs) submitted to the Russian pharmacovigilance database.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The authors retrospectively analysed the SRs of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) submitted to the Russian pharmacovigilance database between 1 April 2019 and 28 February 2023. According to the selected inclusion criteria, the study focused on the SRs that specified levofloxacin as a suspect medicinal product and described ADRs that took place in the Russian Federation. ME identification used summaries of product characteristics for levofloxacin approved in Russia, official clinical guidelines, and the antimicrobial stewardship guidelines Strategy for the Control of Antimicrobial Therapy (SCAT).</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. The analysis included 950 SRs. MEs were identified in 307 (32.3%) of these SRs, and the total number of MEs was 332. MEs associated with the selection of the medicinal product included prescribing levofloxacin to patients without an indication for antibacterial therapy (38.9%, n=129, with 76.0% of cases being viral infections), incorrect selection of levofloxacin as a first-line antibacterial agent (18.1%, n=60), and irrational and excessive prescribing of levofloxacin in combination with other antibacterial agents (15.4%, n=51). Less frequently identified MEs were related to inappropriate dosing (13.0%, n=43), levofloxacin use in patients with contraindications (8.7%, n=29), and incorrect selection of the route of administration (3.9%, n=13) and the dosage form (2.1%, n=7).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. According to the results of this study, the practice of prescribing antibacterial agents for viral infections persists despite strong evidence of ineffectiveness in such cases. Antibacterial agents can be used effectively and safely only if prescribed for approved indications, administered at recommended doses, and delivered via specified routes of administration. The overuse of antibiotics may have negative sequelae not only for the health of an individual patient but for the health of the general population because of the increased risk of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, there is a need to develop measures to limit the excessive use of antibiotics.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фторхинолоны</kwd><kwd>левофлоксацин</kwd><kwd>антибиотики</kwd><kwd>медицинские ошибки</kwd><kwd>фармаконадзор</kwd><kwd>спонтанные сообщения</kwd><kwd>нежелательные реакции</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd><kwd>ретроспективное исследование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fluoroquinolones</kwd><kwd>levofloxacin</kwd><kwd>antibacterial agents</kwd><kwd>antibiotics</kwd><kwd>pharmacovigilance</kwd><kwd>medication errors</kwd><kwd>pharmacovigilance</kwd><kwd>spontaneous reports</kwd><kwd>adverse drug reactions</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>retrospective study</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adriaenssens N, Bruyndonckx R, Versporten A, Hens N, Monnet DL, Molenberghs G, et al. 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