<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">safetyrisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2312-7821</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2312-7821-2025-450</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">safetyrisk-450</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ПАЦИЕНТА: КАК ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ДАННЫЕ И ПОСТРЕГИСТРАЦИОННЫЙ ФАРМАКОНАДЗОР ФОРМИРУЮТ СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ЛАНДШАФТ ФАРМАКОТЕРАПИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN TOPIC: PATIENT SAFETY: THE WAY PRECLINICAL DATA AND POST-AUTHORISATION PHARMACOVIGILANCE SHAPE MODERN PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC LANDSCAPE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фармакогенетическое тестирование — инструмент для предотвращения гепатотоксических реакций изониазида при терапии туберкулеза легких: клинический случай</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacogenetic Testing as a Tool to Prevent Isoniazid-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Therapy: A Case Report</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4811-7801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краснова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснова Наталия Михайловна, канд. мед. наук, доцент</p><p>ул. Белинского, д. 58, г. Якутск, 677000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia M. Krasnova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p><p>58 Belinskogo St., Yakutsk 677000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krasnova14@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-4544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емельянова</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelyanova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Емельянова Эльвира Андреевна, канд. мед. наук, доцент</p><p>ул. Белинского, д. 58, г. Якутск, 677000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elvira A. Emelyanova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p><p>58 Belinskogo St., Yakutsk 677000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elviraemelyanova03@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3027-2731</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Егорова Александра Алексеевна</p><p>ул. Петра Алексеева, д. 93, г. Якутск, 677015</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra A. Egorova</p><p>93 Petra Alekseeva St., Yakutsk 677015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egorovaaa@ftiz14.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7489-9221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокопьев</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokopyev</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Прокопьев Егор Спиридонович</p><p>ул. Петра Алексеева, д. 93, г. Якутск, 677015</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor S. Prokopiev</p><p>93 Petra Alekseeva St., Yakutsk 677015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prokopeves@ftiz14.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5094-3742</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Венгеровский</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vengerovskii</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Венгеровский Александр Исаакович, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Московский тракт, д. 2, г. Томск, 634050</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander I. Vengerovskii, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>2 Moskovsky Hwy, Tomsk 634050</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pharm-sibgmu@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-3680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сычев Дмитрий Алексеевич, академик РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1, Москва, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Sychev, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>2/1/1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rmapo@rmapo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова», Медицинский институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Medical Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-практический центр «Фтизиатрия» им. Е.Н. Андреева»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>E.N. Andreev Phthisiology Research-Practice Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>279</fpage><lpage>289</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Краснова Н.М., Емельянова Э.А., Егорова А.А., Прокопьев Е.С., Венгеровский А.И., Сычев Д.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Краснова Н.М., Емельянова Э.А., Егорова А.А., Прокопьев Е.С., Венгеровский А.И., Сычев Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krasnova N.M., Emelyanova E.A., Egorova A.A., Prokopyev E.S., Vengerovskii A.I., Sychev D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/450">https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/450</self-uri><abstract><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Потенциальная гепатотоксичность изониазида является ведущей причиной его отмены, что значительно уменьшает эффективность противотуберкулезной терапии, повышает риск рецидива заболевания и вызывает вторичную лекарственную устойчивость Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Развитие гепатотоксических реакций при применении изониазида связано с генетическими особенностями активности изофермента N-ацетилтрансферазы-2 (NAT2), участвующего в биотрансформации препарата в печени. Снижение дозы изониазида у пациентов с медленным типом ацетилирования позволяет предотвратить поражение печени, но единый алгоритм дозирования этого противотуберкулезного средства в зависимости от результатов фармакогенетического тестирования отсутствует.ОПИСАНИЕ СЛУЧАЯ. Мужчина 35 лет, якут, с диагнозом «А16.0 Очаговый туберкулез S1–2 обоих легких в фазе инфильтрации без выделения микобактерий туберкулеза» в 2022 г. проходил лечение в отделении туберкулеза органов дыхания ГБУ Республики Саха (Якутия) «НПЦ «Фтизиатрия» им. Е.Н. Андреева». Диагноз установлен на основании клинико-лабораторных и инструментальных исследований. Назначена внутрь 1 раз/сут комбинация противотуберкулезных средств: изониазид — 500 мг, рифампицин — 600 мг, пиразинамид — 1750 мг и этамбутол — 1200 мг. В интенсивной фазе терапии туберкулеза легких у пациента появились симптомы токсического поражения печени гепатоцеллюлярного типа умеренной степени тяжести: тошнота, однократная рвота, слабость, боль в эпигастральной области. Активность аланиновой трансаминазы в сыворотке крови повышена до 665,5 Ед/л, аспарагиновой трансаминазы — до 218,8 Ед/л. При ультразвуковом исследовании диагностированы умеренная гепатомегалия, диффузные изменения паренхимы печени, селезенки, хронический холецистит, реактивный панкреатит. По результатам фармакогенетического тестирования установлено, что пациент является носителем аллельных вариантов гена NAT2: *5, *11, *12, ассоциированных с медленным типом ацетилирования изониазида. Противотуберкулезные средства были временно отменены, назначена гепатопротективная терапия. При продолжении лечения доза изониазида была снижена до 300 мг/сут, остальные препараты пациент принимал в прежней дозе. Переносимость противотуберкулезной терапии была удовлетворительной, гепатотоксические реакции не развивались. Интенсивная фаза лечения туберкулеза составила 64 сут. По результатам положительной клинико-рентгенологической динамики пациент выписан из стационара. Терапия в фазе продолжения включала комбинацию изониазида в дозе 300 мг и рифампицина в дозе 600 мг 1 раз/сут в течение 120 сут. После завершения терапии было констатировано клиническое излечение, пациент переведен в III группу диспансерного наблюдения.ВЫВОДЫ. Индивидуализация дозы изониазида по результатам фармакогенетического тестирования позволила продолжить лечение пациента лекарственно-чувствительным туберкулезом легких и избежать повторного развития изониазид-индуцированного поражения печени.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Hepatotoxicity is the leading cause of isoniazid discontinuation, significantly reducing the efficacy of antituberculosis therapy, increasing the risk of disease relapse, and contributing to secondary drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The development of hepatotoxic reactions to isoniazid is associated with genetic variations in the activity of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), an enzyme responsible for hepatic biotransformation of the medicinal product. Dose reduction may prevent liver damage in slow acetylators. However, there is no unified algorithm for dosing this antituberculosis medicinal product based on the results of pharmacogenetic testing.</p></sec><sec><title>CASE DESCRIPTION</title><p>CASE DESCRIPTION. A 35-year-old man, a Yakut, was diagnosed with A16.0 Focal tuberculosis in the upper lobes of both lungs (S1–2) at the stage of infiltration without isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 2022 and was treated in the respiratory tuberculosis department of the E.N. Andreev Phthisiology Research-Practice Center, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Diagnosis was confirmed via clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings. Initial therapy included a daily oral combination comprising isoniazid (500 mg), rifampicin (600 mg), pyrazinamide (1750 mg), and ethambutol (1200 mg). During the intensive of therapy, the patient developed moderate hepatocellular liver damage, which manifested as nausea, vomiting (one episode), weakness, and epigastric pain. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) increased to 665.5 U/L and aspartate transaminase (AST) increased to 218.8 U/L. Ultrasound examination revealed hepatomegaly, diffuse hepatic and splenic parenchymal changes, chronic cholecystitis, and reactive pancreatitis. Pharmacogenetic testing identified NAT2 allelic variants (*5, *11, *12) associated with slow isoniazid acetylation. When treatment continued, the dose of isoniazid was reduced to 300 mg/day; the patient took the other medicines at the same doses. The tolerability of antituberculosis therapy was satisfactory, and hepatotoxic reactions did not develop. The intensive phase of tuberculosis treatment was 64 days. Showing clinical and radiological improvement, the patient was discharged from the hospital. Therapy in the continuation phase included a combination of isoniazid (300 mg) and rifampicin (600 mg) once a day for 120 days. After completion of therapy, the patient was considered clinically cured and was transferred to group III of dispensary observation (regular follow-up visits).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. Individualisation of isoniazid dosing according to the results of pharmacogenetic testing allowed the medical team to continue treatment of the patient with drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis and to avoid recurrent development of isoniazid-induced liver damage.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>изониазид</kwd><kwd>противотуберкулезные средства</kwd><kwd>лекарственное поражение печени</kwd><kwd>туберкулез легких</kwd><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>фармакогенетическое тестирование</kwd><kwd>аланиновая трансаминаза</kwd><kwd>пациент с медленным типом ацетилирования</kwd><kwd>N-ацетилтрансфераза 2</kwd><kwd>клинический случай</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>isoniazid</kwd><kwd>antituberculosis agents</kwd><kwd>drug-induced liver injury</kwd><kwd>DILI</kwd><kwd>pulmonary tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>pharmacogenetic testing</kwd><kwd>alanine transaminase</kwd><kwd>slow acetylator patient</kwd><kwd>N-acetyltransferase 2</kwd><kwd>case report</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daniel MT. The history of tuberculosis. Respir Med. 2006;100(11): 1862–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2006.08.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daniel MT. The history of tuberculosis. Respir Med. 2006;100(11): 1862–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2006.08.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Суханов ДС, Алексеева ЮС, Тимофеев ЕВ. Гепатотоксическое действие и метаболизм противотуберкулезных препаратов. Медицина: теория и практика. 2023;8(2):48–62. https://doi.org/10.56871/MTP.2023.90.21.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sukhanov DS, Alekseeva YuS, Timofeev EV. Hepatotoxic effect and metabolism of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Medicine: Theory and Practice. 2023;8(2):48–62 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.56871/MTP.2023.90.21.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khan S, Mandal RK, Elasbali AM, Dar SA, Jawed A, Wahid M, et al. Pharmacogenetic association between NAT2 gene polymorphisms and isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity: trial sequence meta-analysis as evidence. Biosci Rep. 2019;39(1):BSR20180845. https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20180845</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khan S, Mandal RK, Elasbali AM, Dar SA, Jawed A, Wahid M, et al. Pharmacogenetic association between NAT2 gene polymorphisms and isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity: trial sequence meta-analysis as evidence. Biosci Rep. 2019;39(1):BSR20180845. https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20180845</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang M, Wang S, Wilffert B, Tong R, Soolingen D, Hof S, et al. The association between the NAT2 genetic polymorphisms and risk of DILI during anti-TB treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;84(12):2747–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13722</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang M, Wang S, Wilffert B, Tong R, Soolingen D, Hof S, et al. The association between the NAT2 genetic polymorphisms and risk of DILI during anti-TB treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;84(12):2747–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13722</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pourmohamadi N, Toutkaboni MPA, Roodbari NH, Tabarsi P, Baniasadi S. Association of cytochrome P450 2E1 and N-acetyltransferase 2 genotypes with serum isoniazid level and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: a cross-sectional study. Iran J Med Sci. 2023;48(5):474–83. https://doi.org/10.30476/ijms.2023.96145.2765</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pourmohamadi N, Toutkaboni MPA, Roodbari NH, Tabarsi P, Baniasadi S. Association of cytochrome P450 2E1 and N-acetyltransferase 2 genotypes with serum isoniazid level and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: a cross-sectional study. Iran J Med Sci. 2023;48(5):474–83. https://doi.org/10.30476/ijms.2023.96145.2765</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erwin ER, Addison AP, John SF, Olaleye OA, Rosell RC. Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid: the good, the bad, and the alternatives. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2019;116(l):66–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2019.04.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erwin ER, Addison AP, John SF, Olaleye OA, Rosell RC. Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid: the good, the bad, and the alternatives. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2019;116(l):66–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2019.04.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hong BL, D’Cunha R, Li P, Al-Shaer MH, Alghamdi WA, An G, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of isoniazid pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers and patients with tuberculosis. Clin Ther. 2020;42(11):e220–e41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.09.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hong BL, D’Cunha R, Li P, Al-Shaer MH, Alghamdi WA, An G, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of isoniazid pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers and patients with tuberculosis. Clin Ther. 2020;42(11):e220–e41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.09.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas L, Raju AP, Chaithra, Sekhar MS, Varma M, Saravu K, et al. Influence of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotype/single nucleotide polymorphisms on clearance of isoniazid in tuberculosis patients: a systematic review of population pharmacokinetic models. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2022;78(10):1535–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-022-03362-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomas L, Raju AP, Chaithra, Sekhar MS, Varma M, Saravu K, et al. Influence of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotype/single nucleotide polymorphisms on clearance of isoniazid in tuberculosis patients: a systematic review of population pharmacokinetic models. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2022;78(10):1535–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-022-03362-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Качанова АА, Пименова ЮА, Шуев ГН, Акмалова КА, Созаева ЖА, Краснова НМ и др. Изучение влияния полиморфных маркеров гена NAT2 на риск развития нежелательных реакций у пациентов с легочными формами туберкулеза, получавших изониазид и рифампицин. Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии. 2021;9(1):25–33. https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2021-9-1-25-33</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kachanova AA, Pimenova YuA, Shuev GN, Akmalova KA, Sozaeva ZhA, Krasnova NM, et al. Study of the effect of polymorphic markers of the NAT2 gene on the risk of adverse drug reactions in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who received isoniazid and rifampicin. Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy. 2021;9(1):25–33 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2021-9-1-25-33</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краснова НМ, Алексеева ЕА, Рудых ЗА, Чертовских ЯВ, Климова ТМ, Ефремова ЕН и др. Распространенность полиморфизмов гена N-ацетилтрансферазы 2 среди пациентов якутской национальности с впервые выявленным туберкулезом органов дыхания. Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук. 2020;75(2):154–61. https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn1217</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnova NM, Alekseeva EA, Rudykh ZA, Chertovskykh YaV, Klimova TM, Efremova EN, et al. Prevalence of polymorphisms in N-acetyltransferase 2 gene among patients of Yakut ethnicity newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2020;75(2):154–61 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn1217</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suvichapanich S, Fukunaga K, Zahroh H, Mushiroda T, Mahasirimongkol S, Toyo-Oka L, et al. NAT2 ultraslow acetylator and risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a genotype-based meta-analysis. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2018;28(7):167–76. https://doi.org/10.1097/FPC.0000000000000339</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suvichapanich S, Fukunaga K, Zahroh H, Mushiroda T, Mahasirimongkol S, Toyo-Oka L, et al. NAT2 ultraslow acetylator and risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a genotype-based meta-analysis. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2018;28(7):167–76. https://doi.org/10.1097/FPC.0000000000000339</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang S, Hwang SJ, Park JY, Chung EK, Lee JI. Association of genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1, NAT2, GST and SLCO1B1 with the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2019;9(8):e027940. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027940</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang S, Hwang SJ, Park JY, Chung EK, Lee JI. Association of genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1, NAT2, GST and SLCO1B1 with the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2019;9(8):e027940. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027940</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краснова НМ, Николаев ВМ, Макарова ТС, Татаринова ОВ, Прокопьев ЕС, Кравченко АФ и др. Влияние скорости ацетилирования на фармакокинетику изониазида у пациентов с впервые выявленным туберкулезом легких. Экспериментальная и клиническая фармакология. 2022;85(5):25–8. https://doi.org/10.30906/0869-2092-2022-85-5-25-28</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnova NM, Nikolaev VM, Makarova TS, Tatarinova OV, Prokop'ev ES, Kravchenko AF, et al. Influence of the acetylation rate on isoniazid pharmacokinetics in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology.2022;85(5):25–8 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30906/0869-2092-2022-85-5-25-28</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodrigues-Soares F, Suarez-Kurtz G. Pharmacogenomics research and clinical implementation in Brazil. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2019;124(5):538–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.13196</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodrigues-Soares F, Suarez-Kurtz G. Pharmacogenomics research and clinical implementation in Brazil. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2019;124(5):538–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.13196</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azuma J, Ohno M, Kubota R, Yokota S, Nagai T, Tsuyuguchi K, et al. NAT2 genotype guided regimen reduces isoniazid-induced liver injury and early treatment failure in the 6-month four-drug standard treatment of tuberculosis: a randomized controlled trial for pharmacogenetics-based therapy. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;69(5):1091–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-012-1429-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azuma J, Ohno M, Kubota R, Yokota S, Nagai T, Tsuyuguchi K, et al. NAT2 genotype guided regimen reduces isoniazid-induced liver injury and early treatment failure in the 6-month four-drug standard treatment of tuberculosis: a randomized controlled trial for pharmacogenetics-based therapy. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;69(5):1091–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-012-1429-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cai Y, Yi J, Zhou C, Shen X. Pharmacogenetic study of drug-metabolising enzyme polymorphisms on the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47769. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047769</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cai Y, Yi J, Zhou C, Shen X. Pharmacogenetic study of drug-metabolising enzyme polymorphisms on the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47769. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047769</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang PY, Xie SY, Hao Q, Zhang C, Jiang BF. NAT2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a meta-analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2012;16(5):589–95. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.11.0377</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang PY, Xie SY, Hao Q, Zhang C, Jiang BF. NAT2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a meta-analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2012;16(5):589–95. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.11.0377</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhuang X, Li L, Liu T, Zhang R, Yang P, Wang X, Dai L. Mechanisms of isoniazid and rifampicin-induced liver injury and the effects of natural medicinal ingredients: A review. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1037814. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.1037814</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhuang X, Li L, Liu T, Zhang R, Yang P, Wang X, Dai L. Mechanisms of isoniazid and rifampicin-induced liver injury and the effects of natural medicinal ingredients: A review. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1037814. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.1037814</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang P, Pradhan K, Zhong X-B, Ma X. Isoniazid metabolism and hepatotoxicity. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2016;6(5):384–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang P, Pradhan K, Zhong X-B, Ma X. Isoniazid metabolism and hepatotoxicity. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2016;6(5):384–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Metushi I, Uetrecht J, Phillips E. Mechanism of isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity: then and now. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;81(6):1030–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12885</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Metushi I, Uetrecht J, Phillips E. Mechanism of isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity: then and now. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;81(6):1030–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12885</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долгушина АИ, Волчегорский ИА, Новоселов ПН, Ушкарева ЭВ, Олевская ЕР, Кузнецова АС. Гепатотоксичность противотуберкулезных препаратов. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2018;156(8):116–24. 2016;26(9):436–44. https://doi.org/10.1097/FPC.0000000000000232</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolgushina AI, Volchegorsky IA, Novoselov PN, Ushkareva EV, Olevskaya ER, Kuznetsova AS. Antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2018;156(8):116–24 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-156-8-116-124</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schiuma M, Dinegro S, Battini V, Torre A, Covizzi A, Civati A, et al. NAT2 acetylation status predicts hepatotoxicity during antituberculosis therapy: Cumulative risk analysis of a multiethnic cohort. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(8):3881. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26083881</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klein DJ, Boukouvala S, McDonagh EM, Shuldiner SR, Laurieri N, Thorn CF, et al. PharmGKB Summary: Isoniazid Pathway, Pharmacokinetics. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2016;26(9):436–44. https://doi.org/10.1097/FPC.0000000000000232</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belogubova EV, Kuligina ESh, Togo AV, Karpova MB, Ulibina JM, Shutkin VA, et al. ‘Comparison of extremes’ approach provides evidence against the modifying role of NAT2 polymorphism in lung cancer susceptibility. Cancer Lett. 2005;221(2):177–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2004.11.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schiuma M, Dinegro S, Battini V, Torre A, Covizzi A, Civati A, et al. NAT2 acetylation status predicts hepatotoxicity during antituberculosis therapy: Cumulative risk analysis of a multiethnic cohort. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(8):3881. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26083881</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaikovitch EA, Cascorbi I, Mrozikiewicz PM, Brockmoller J, Frotschl R, Kopke K, et al. Polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP1A1, NAT2 and of P-glycoprotein in a Russian population. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2003;59(4):303–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-003-0606-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belogubova EV, Kuligina ESh, Togo AV, Karpova MB, Ulibina JM, Shutkin VA, et al. ‘Comparison of extremes’ approach provides evidence against the modifying role of NAT2 polymorphism in lung cancer susceptibility. Cancer Lett. 2005;221(2):177–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2004.11.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кожекбаева ЖМ, Гра ОА, Фадеева ВС, Голденкова-Павлова ИВ, Корсунская ИМ, Брускин СА и др. Ассоциация полиморфизма NAT2 с риском развития псориаза в Московской популяции. Молекулярная биология. 2009;43(1):62–76. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026893309010087</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaikovitch EA, Cascorbi I, Mrozikiewicz PM, Brockmoller J, Frotschl R, Kopke K, et al. Polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP1A1, NAT2 and of P-glycoprotein in a Russian population. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2003;59(4):303–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-003-0606-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краснова НМ, Ефремова ЕН, Егорова АА, Филиппова ОИ, Чертовских ЯВ, Рудых ЗА и др. Сравнительный анализ результатов генотипирования гена N-ацетилтрансферазы 2 у пациентов с впервые выявленным туберкулезом органов дыхания, проживающих в Республике Саха (Якутия). Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2020;19(4):102–9. https://doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2020-4-102-109</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozhekbaeva ZM, Gra OA, Fadeev VS, Goldenkova-Pavlova IV, Korsunskaya IM, Bruskin SA, et al. Association of NAT2 polymorphisms with susceptibility to psoriasis in the Moscow population. Mol Biol. 2009;43(1):55–67. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026893309010087</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Генетика — фундаментальная основа инноваций в медицине и селекции. Материалы VIII научно-практической конференции с международным участием, Ростов-на-Дону, 26–29 сентября 2019 г. Ростов-на-Дону–Таганрог: Издательство Южного федерального университета; 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnova NM, Efremova EN, Egorova AA, Filippova OI, Chertovskikh YV, Rudykh ZA, et al. Comparative analysis of N-acetyltransferase 2 genotyping results among patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis residing in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Bulletin of Siberian Medicine. 2020;19(4):102–9 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2020-4-102-109</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сналина НЕ, Сычев ДА. Генетические предикторы гепатотоксичности изониазида. Молекулярная медицина. 2018;16(2):31–6. https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2018-02-04</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genetics — the fundamental basis for innovations in medicine and breeding. Proceedings of the VIII scientific and practical conference with international participation, Rostov-on-Don, September 26–29, 2019. Rostov-on-Don–Taganrog: Southern Federal University Publishing House; 2019 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsumoto T, Ohno M, Azuma J. Future of pharmacogenetics-based therapy for tuberculosis. Pharmacogenomics. 2014;15(5):601–7. https://doi.org/10.2217/pgs.14.38</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snalina NE, Sychev DA. Genetic predictors of isoniazid hepatotoxicity. Molecular Medicine. 2018;16(2):31–6 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2018-02-04</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsumoto T, Ohno M, Azuma J. Future of pharmacogenetics-based therapy for tuberculosis. Pharmacogenomics. 2014;15(5):601–7. https://doi.org/10.2217/pgs.14.38</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsumoto T, Ohno M, Azuma J. Future of pharmacogenetics-based therapy for tuberculosis. Pharmacogenomics. 2014;15(5):601–7. https://doi.org/10.2217/pgs.14.38</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
