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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">safetyrisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2312-7821</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2312-7821-2025-458</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">safetyrisk-458</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: ОЦЕНКА РИСКОВ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ФАРМАКОТЕРАПИИ В ГЕРОНТОЛОГИИ И ОСОБЫХ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ СИТУАЦИЯХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN TOPIC: RISK ASSESSMENT AND SAFETY OF PHARMACOTHERAPY IN GERONTOLOGY AND SPECIAL CLINICAL CONDITIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние потенциально гепатотоксичных препаратов на активность аланиновой трансаминазы у пациентов с COVID-19: исследование «случай–контроль»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Effect of Potentially Hepatotoxic Medicinal Products on Alanine Transaminase Levels in COVID-19 Patients: A Case–Control Study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0258-4092</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петров Владимир Иванович, академик РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Площадь Павших Борцов, д. 1, г. Волгоград, 400131</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I. Petrov, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>1 Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">brain@sprintnet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4778-5015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рязанова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryazanova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рязанова Анастасия Юрьевна, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Площадь Павших Борцов, д. 1, г. Волгоград, 400131</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia Yu. Ryazanova, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>1 Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastasiya.ryazanova@volgmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2578-6228</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Токарева</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tokareva</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Токарева Наталья Сергеевна</p><p>Площадь Павших Борцов, д. 1, г. Волгоград, 400131</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia S. Tokareva</p><p>1 Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nata5847@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение высшего образования «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Volgograd State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>172</fpage><lpage>183</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петров В.И., Рязанова А.Ю., Токарева Н.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петров В.И., Рязанова А.Ю., Токарева Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrov V.I., Ryazanova A.Y., Tokareva N.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/458">https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/458</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Повышение активности печеночных ферментов часто встречается у пациентов с COVID-19. Разработка индивидуального подбора лекарственных препаратов с целью снижения риска гепатотоксичности требует изучения роли лекарственной терапии в развитии нарушений функции печени у пациентов с COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Выявить наличие и степень выраженности связи между повышением активности аланиновой трансаминазы (АЛТ) и применением потенциально гепатотоксичных препаратов у госпитализированных пациентов с COVID-19 для дифференцированного выбора препаратов с учетом меньшего риска гепатотоксичности в практическом здравоохранении.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Проанализированы 1296 медицинских карт пациентов, госпитализированных в инфекционный госпиталь Волгоградской области с диагнозом COVID-19 в 2020–2022 гг. Исследование «случай–контроль» выполнено с использованием метода подбора пар пациентов, идентичных по полу, возрасту, степени тяжести и исходу COVID-19. Среди пациентов с исходной активностью АЛТ &lt;1 или 2 верхней границы нормы (ВГН) отбирали тех, у кого на протяжении всей госпитализации наблюдали повышение активности АЛТ ≥2, 3 и 5 ВГН (группы «случай») и пациентов с активностью АЛТ &lt;2 ВГН (группы «контроль»).</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Шанс обнаружения приема 3 или более лекарственных средств высокого риска лекарственного повреждения печени (ЛС ВР ЛПП) был значимо выше во всех группах «случай» по сравнению с контролем (отношение шансов (ОШ) 2,38 (1,54–3,67), р&lt;0,001 для ≥3 ЛС ВР ЛПП и повышения активности АЛТ &gt;2 ВГН при исходной &lt;1 ВГН, 195 пар; ОШ 2,59 (1,48–4,53), р&lt;0,001 для ≥3 ЛС ВР ЛПП и повышения активности АЛТ &gt;3 ВГН при исходной &lt;1 ВГН, 115 пар). Прием отдельных ЛС также значимо увеличивал риск повышения активности АЛТ &gt;2 ВГН при исходной &lt;1 ВГН (ремдесивир ОШ 4,38 (2,98–6,42), р&lt;0,001; олокизумаб ОШ 7,83 (3,35–18,32), р&lt;0,001; левилимаб ОШ 3,0 (1,19–7,56), р=0,014) и риск повышения активности АЛТ &gt;3 ВГН при исходной &lt;2 ВГН (ремдесивир ОШ 2,0 (1,21–3,30), р=0,006; олокизумаб ОШ 3,94 (2,35–6,62), р&lt;0,001; левилимаб ОШ 2,67 (1,24–5,74), р=0,009).</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Выявлена статистически значимая связь между повышением активности АЛТ и применением нескольких гепатотоксичных ЛС у госпитализированных пациентов с COVID-19. Необходимы проведение дальнейших исследований безопасности ЛС, применяемых для лечения COVID-19, и разработка мер по раннему выявлению и профилактике ЛПП.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Elevated liver enzyme levels are common in patients with COVID-19. Personalised prescribing to reduce the risk of hepatotoxicity requires studying the role of pharmacotherapy in the development of liver dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. This study aimed to identify the presence and strength of the relationship between an increase in alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and the use of potentially hepatotoxic medicinal products in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 to provide practising clinicians with a case-specific approach for selecting medicinal products with a lower risk of hepatotoxicity.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. The authors analysed 1,296 medical records of COVID-19 patients who had been admitted to a Volgograd Region hospital for infectious diseases in 2020–2022. A case-control study was performed using the pair-matched case–control method, with pairs of patients matched by their sex, age, and COVID-19 severity and outcomes. The authors identified the medical records of COVID-19 patients with baseline alanine transaminase (ALT) levels &lt;1 or 2 times the upper limit of the normal range (ULN) and selected the medical records of the patients who had been having elevated ALT levels ≥2, 3, and 5 ULN (cases) or ALT levels &lt;2 ULN (controls) throughout their hospital stay.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. There was a significantly higher likelihood of detecting the use of ≥3 medicinal products associated with a high risk of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in the medical records of all case groups than in those of the controls (odds ratio (OR)=2.38 (1.54–3.67), p&lt;0.001, for detecting the use of ≥3 high-risk medicinal products and an increase in ALT levels from &lt;1 ULN at baseline to &gt;2 ULN, 195 pairs; OR=2.59 (1.48–4.53), p&lt;0.001, for detecting the use of ≥3 high-risk medicinal products and an increase in ALT levels from &lt;1 ULN at baseline to &gt;3 ULN, 115 pairs). Certain medicinal products were associated with a significant increase in the risk of ALT rising to levels &gt;2 ULN in patients with baseline levels &lt;1 ULN (remdesivir: OR=4.38 (2.98–6.42), p&lt;0.001; olokizumab: OR=7.83 (3.35–18.32), p&lt;0.001; and levilimab: OR=3.0 (1.19–7.56), p=0.014) and levels &gt;3 ULN in patients with baseline levels &lt;2 ULN (remdesivir: OR=2.0 (1.21–3.30), p=0.006; olokizumab: OR=3.94 (2.35–6.62), p&lt;0.001; and levilimab: OR=2.67 (1.24–5.74), p=0.009).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. According to this study, there is a statistically significant association between elevated ALT levels in hospitalised COVID-19 patients and the use of several hepatotoxic medicines. Further studies are required to assess the safety of medicines used to treat COVID-19. It is also necessary to develop methods for the early detection and prevention of DILI.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лекарственные поражения печени</kwd><kwd>аланиновая трансаминаза</kwd><kwd>шкала RUCAM</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>исследование «случай–контроль»</kwd><kwd>метод подбора пар</kwd><kwd>фавипиравир</kwd><kwd>ремдесивир</kwd><kwd>тоцилизумаб</kwd><kwd>олокизумаб</kwd><kwd>левилимаб</kwd><kwd>омепразол</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>drug-induced liver injury</kwd><kwd>RUCAM scale</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>matched case–control study</kwd><kwd>alanine transaminase</kwd><kwd>favipiravir</kwd><kwd>remdesivir</kwd><kwd>tocilizumab</kwd><kwd>olokizumab</kwd><kwd>levilimab</kwd><kwd>omeprazole</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена без спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was performed without external funding.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Onakpoya IJ, Heneghan CJ, Aronson JK. 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