<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">safetyrisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2312-7821</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2312-7821-2025-13-2-127-137</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">safetyrisk-494</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: ОЦЕНКА РИСКОВ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ФАРМАКОТЕРАПИИ В ГЕРОНТОЛОГИИ И ОСОБЫХ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ СИТУАЦИЯХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN TOPIC: RISK ASSESSMENT AND SAFETY OF PHARMACOTHERAPY IN GERONTOLOGY AND SPECIAL CLINICAL CONDITIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фармаконадзор в геронтологической популяции: анализ планов управления рисками лекарственных препаратов в России в 2024 году</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacovigilance in the Geriatric Population: Analysis of Risk Management Plans for Medicinal Products in Russia in 2024</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6932-4965</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терешкина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tereshkina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Терешкина Наталия Васильевна, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Петровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya V. Tereshkina, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Tereshkina@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9514-6322</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вельц</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Velts</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вельц Наталья Юрьевна, канд. биол. наук, доцент</p><p>Петровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya Yu. Velts, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">velts@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5165-3808</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журавлева</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuravleva</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Журавлева Евгения Олеговна</p><p>Петровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya O. Zhuravleva</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gyravleva@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0522-0307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутехова</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutekhova</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кутехова Галина Викторовна</p><p>Петровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina V. Kutekhova</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kutekhova@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9053-6779</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глаголев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glagolev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Глаголев Сергей Владимирович, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Рахмановский пер, д. 3, Москва, 127994</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Glagolev, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>3 Rakhmanovsky Ln., Moscow 127994, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svghomepost@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8353-7863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косенко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosenko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Косенко Валентина Владимировна, канд. фарм. наук</p><p>Петровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina V. Kosenko, Cand. Sci. (Pharm.)</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kosenko@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>127</fpage><lpage>137</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Терешкина Н.В., Вельц Н.Ю., Журавлева Е.О., Кутехова Г.В., Глаголев С.В., Косенко В.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Терешкина Н.В., Вельц Н.Ю., Журавлева Е.О., Кутехова Г.В., Глаголев С.В., Косенко В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tereshkina N.V., Velts N.Y., Zhuravleva E.O., Kutekhova G.V., Glagolev S.V., Kosenko V.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/494">https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/494</self-uri><abstract><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Геронтологические пациенты — самая быстро растущая группа населения, применяющая более половины всех выпускаемых лекарственных препаратов (ЛП). Фармаконадзор в данной возрастной группе связан как с особенностями физиологии пожилого человека, так и с социальными факторами. Превентивную роль в управлении рисками, связанными с применением ЛП у этой возрастной категории, играет разрабатываемый держателем регистрационного удостоверения план управления рисками.ЦЕЛЬ. Оценка полноты предоставления информации о геронтологической группе пациентов в составе целевой популяции в планах управления рисками для ЛП, выводимых на фармацевтический рынок Российской Федерации в 2024 г.МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Проанализировано 110 планов управления рисками для ЛП, которые могут применяться в том числе в геронтологической популяции, с полным содержанием всех частей и модулей документа, поступивших в ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России в период с января по декабрь 2024 г.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Анализ планов управления рисками выявил отсутствие ряда данных для геронтологической популяции, в том числе: эпидемиология показаний по целевым популяциям (не указана в 52% случаев), результаты изучения ЛП в клинических исследованиях (пациенты старше 60 лет не включались в клинические исследования в 47,3% случаев), популяции, не изученные в ходе клинических исследований (не указаны в 63,6% случаев), пострегистрационный опыт применения у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста (не описан в 83,6% случаев), указание на потенциальный риск передозировки (отсутствует в 96,4% случаев). Дополнительные меры минимизации рисков, направленные на акцентирование особенностей применения ЛП в геронтологической популяции, отсутствовали во всех проанализированных документах.ВЫВОДЫ. При составлении планов управления рисками разработчики ЛП и держатели регистрационного удостоверения не уделяют достаточно внимания геронтологической популяции и зачастую недооценивают проблемы, связанные с применением ЛП у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста. Проблемы, обусловленные применением ЛП у геронтологических пациентов, могут быть предотвращены за счет управления рисками при применении ЛП. Это следует учитывать при разработке общей характеристики ЛП, инструкции по медицинскому применению ЛП/листка-вкладыша, маркировки и размера упаковки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>INTRODUCTION. Geriatric patients are the fastest growing demographic group, accounting for over half of all medicinal product users. Pharmacovigilance in this population is influenced by age-related physiological changes and social factors. Risk management plans (RMPs), developed by marketing authorisation holders, play a preventive role in managing the risks associated with the use of medicinal products in elderly patients.AIM. This study aimed to evaluate the completeness of information on the geriatric group within target populations in RMPs for medicinal products launched in the Russian pharmaceutical market in 2024.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study analysed 110 RMPs for medicinal products potentially applicable to geriatric populations, submitted to the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products between January and December 2024. All the documents included full modules and sections.RESULTS. The analysis revealed critical gaps in RMPs data for geriatric populations, including the epidemiology of indication(s) and target population(s) (these data were missing in 52.0% of cases); clinical trial exposure (patients over 60 years were excluded from clinical trials in 47.3% of cases); populations not studied in clinical trials (these data were unreported in 63.6% of cases); post-authorisation experience in elderly or senile patients (these data were missing in 83.6% of cases); and potential harm from overdose (risk warnings were absent in 96.4% of cases). There were no additional risk minimisation measures for emphasising the considerations for medicinal product use in the geriatric population in the analysed documents.CONCLUSIONS. When drafting RMPs, marketing authorisation holders and medicinal product developers do not pay sufficient attention to geriatric populations and often underestimate the risks associated with medicinal product use in elderly and senile patients. The issues associated with the use of medicinal products in geriatric patients can be mitigated through rigorous risk management practices applied during pharmacotherapy. The parties concerned should consider this when drafting the summary of medicinal product characteristics and the patient information leaflet, labelling the medicinal product, and selecting the package size.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фармаконадзор</kwd><kwd>управление рисками</kwd><kwd>безопасность лекарственных средств</kwd><kwd>геронтологическая популяция</kwd><kwd>лекарственное взаимодействие</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>нежелательные реакции</kwd><kwd>отсутствующая информация</kwd><kwd>план управления рисками</kwd><kwd>полипрагмазия</kwd><kwd>иммуносенесценция</kwd><kwd>ятрогения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pharmacovigilance</kwd><kwd>risk management</kwd><kwd>drug safety</kwd><kwd>geriatric population</kwd><kwd>drug interaction</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>adverse drug reactions</kwd><kwd>missing information</kwd><kwd>risk management plan</kwd><kwd>polypharmacy</kwd><kwd>immunosenescence</kwd><kwd>iatrogenesis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России № 056-00001-25-00 на проведение прикладных научных исследований (номер государственного учета НИР 124022300127-0).</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study reported in this publication was carried out by the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products as part of the applied research funded under State Assignment No. 056-00001-25-00 (R&amp;D Registry No. 124022300127-0).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козлова ОА, Секицки-Павленко ОО. Теоретические основания определения возрастных границ и возрастной структуры населения в контексте демографического старения. AlterEconomics, 2022;19(3):442–63. https://doi.org/10.31063/AlterEconomics/2022.19-3.3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozlova OA, Sekitsky-Pavlenko OO. Theoretical foundations for determining age limits and age structure of the population in the context of demographic aging. AlterEconomics, 2022;19(3):442–63 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31063/AlterEconomics/2022.19-3.3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Канев АФ, Кобякова ОС, Куракова НГ, Шибалков ИП. Старение населения и устойчивость национальных систем здравоохранения. Обзор мировых практик. Национальное здравоохранение. 2023;4(4):5–13. https://doi.org/10.47093/2713-069X.2023.4.4.5-13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanev AF, Kobyakova OS, Kurakova NG, Shibalkov IP. Population ageing and national healthcare systems sustainability. A review of world practices. National Health Care (Russia). 2023; 4(4):5–13 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.47093/2713-069X.2023.4.4.5-13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шараева АТ, Зурдинова АА. Проблемы полипрагмазии в гериатрической практике Кыргызской Республики. Качественная клиническая практика. 2022;(3):52–61. https://doi.org/10.37489/2588-0519-2022-3-52-61</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharaeva AT, Zurdinova AA. Polypharmacy problems in geriatric practice of Kyrgyz Republic. Good Clinical Practice. 2022;(3):52–61 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37489/2588-0519-2022-3-52-61</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сафроненко АВ, Ганцгорн ЕВ, Сафроненко ВА, Кузнецов ИИ, Сухорукова НВ, Криштопа АВ, Осипова АВ. Особенности фармакотерапии пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста. Южно-Российский журнал терапевтической практики. 2021;2(4):6–15. https://doi.org/10.21886/2712-8156-2021-2-4-6-15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safronenko AV, Gantsgorn EV, Safronenko VA, Kuznetsov II, Sukhorukova NV, Krishtopa AV, Osipova AV. Features of pharmacotherapy of elderly and senile patients. South-Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice. 2021;2(4):6–15 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21886/2712-8156-2021-2-4-6-15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сычев ДА, Остроумова ОД, Переверзев АП, Кочетков АИ, Остроумова ТМ, Клепикова МВ, Эбзеева ЕЮ. Пожилой и старческий возраст пациентов как фактор риска развития лекарственно-индуцированных заболеваний. Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии. 2021;9(1):15–24. https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2021-9-1-15-24</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sychev DA, Ostroumova OD, Pereverzev AP, Kochetkov AI, Ostroumova TM, Klepikova MV, Ebzeeva EYu. Elderly and senile age of patients as a risk factor for the development of drug-induced diseases. Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy. 2021;9(1):15–24 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2021-9-1-15-24</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Павленко ЕВ, Горелик СГ, Багдасарян КС, Некрашевич ЯА, Бабешко АВ, Шамратов РЗ, Носкова ИС. Полипрагмазия и нежелательные побочные реакции у пожилых пациентов в практике врача первичного звена. Современные проблемы здравоохранения и медицинской статистики. 2023;(2):262–73. https://doi.org/10.24412/2312-2935-2023-2-262-273</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlenko EV, Gorelik SG, Bagdasaryan KS, Nekrashevich YaA, Babeshko AV, Shamratov RZ, Noskova IS. Polypragmasis and undesirable side-reactions in older patients in the practice of primary care physician. Modern Problems of Healthcare and Medical Statistics. 2023;(2):262–73 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24412/2312-2935-2023-2-262-273</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang J, Zhou S, Feng X, Chen Y, Hu Y, Xu M. Perspectives: Understanding the effects of iatrogenic management on population health: Medical innovation perspective. China CDC Weekly. 2023;5(27):614–18. https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.118</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang J, Zhou S, Feng X, Chen Y, Hu Y, Xu M. Perspectives: Understanding the effects of iatrogenic management on population health: Medical innovation perspective. China CDC Weekly. 2023;5(27):614–18. https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.118</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Наумова ЭМ, Валентинов БГ, Хадарцева КА. Некоторые аспекты лекарственной терапии в пожилом возрасте. Вестник новых медицинских технологий. 2019;(2):1–13. https://doi.org/10.24411/2075-4094-2019-16401</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naumova EM, Valentinov BG, Khadartseva KA. Some aspects of drug therapy in old age. Bulletin of New Medical Technologies. 2019;(2):1–13 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24411/2075-4094-2019-16401</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ших ЕВ, Исмагилов АД, Сизова ЖМ, Демидова ОА. Безопасность комбинированной фармакотерапии у пациентов пожилого возраста. Ведомости Научного центра экспертизы средств медицинского применения. 2017;7(1):47–54. EDN: YHPIHN</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shikh EV, Ismagilov AD, Sizova ZhM, Demidova OA. Safety of combination pharmacotherapy in elderly patients. Bulletin of the Scientific Center for Expertise of Medical Products. 2017;7(1):47–54 (In Russ.). EDN: YHPIHN</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ciapponi A, Fernandez Nievas SE, Seijo M, Rodríguez MB, Vietto V, García-Perdomo HA, et al. Reducing medication errors for adults in hospital settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;11(11):CD009985. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009985.pub2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ciapponi A, Fernandez Nievas SE, Seijo M, Rodríguez MB, Vietto V, García-Perdomo HA, et al. Reducing medication errors for adults in hospital settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;11(11):CD009985. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009985.pub2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зурдинова АА, Кубанычбек КА, Зурдинов АЗ. Использование лекарственных средств у пожилых людей: проблемы фармацевтической помощи. Наука, новые технологии и инновации Кыргызстана. 2019;(11):33–41. https://doi.org/10.26104/NNTIK.2019.45.557</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zurdinova AA, Kubanychbek KA, Zurdinov AZ. Use of medicines in the elderly: problems of pharmaceutical care. Science, new technologies and innovations of Kyrgyzstan. 2019;(11):33–41 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.26104/NNTIK.2019.45.557</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткачева ОН, Воробьева НМ, Котовская ЮВ, Остроумова ОД, Черняева МС, Силютина МВ и др. Распространенность гериатрических синдромов у лиц в возрасте старше 65 лет: первые результаты российского эпидемиологического исследования Эвкалипт. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2020;25(10):3985. https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3985</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkacheva ON, Vorobyova NM, Kotovskaya YuV, Ostroumova OD, Chernyaeva MS, Silyutina MV, et al. Prevalence of geriatric syndromes in individuals over 65 years of age: first results of the Russian epidemiological study Eucalyptus. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(10):3985 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3985</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ушакова НА, Щербакова ЕС, Ершов НС. Гериатрические синдромы в амбулаторной практике их встречаемость и клинико-демографические особенности. Смоленский медицинский альманах. 2018;(2):143–6. EDN: XTFNZB</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ushakova NA, Shcherbakova ES, Ershov NS. Geriatric syndromes in outpatient practice, their incidence and clinical and demographic features. Smolensk Medical Almanac. 2018;(2):143–6 (In Russ.). EDN: XTFNZB</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сергеева ЕВ, Леванюк А И. Иммунологическая реактивность людей пожилого и старческого возраста на Севере. Экология человека. 2017;(1):34–40. https://doi.org/10.33396/1728-0869-2017-1-34-40</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sergeeva EV, Levanuk AI. Immunological responsiveness of the aged in the North. Human Ecology. 2017;(1):34–40 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33396/1728-0869-2017-1-34-40</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ширинский ВС, Ширинский ИВ. Полиморбидность, старение иммунной системы и системное вялотекущее воспаление — вызов современной медицине. Медицинская иммунология. 2020;22(4):609–24. https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-PAO-2042</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shirinsky VS, Shirinsky IV. Polymorbidity, aging of the immune system and systemic sluggish inflammation — a challenge to modern medicine. Medical Immunology. 2020;22(4):609–24 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-PAO-2042</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антипов ВВ, Антипова СИ. Ятрогения как неизбежное явление в медицине XXI века. Часть I. От врачебных ошибок к ятрогении. Медицинские новости. 2017;(4):25–32. EDN: YMHPJR</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antipov VV, Antipova SI. Iatrogenesis as an inevitable phenomenon in the medicine of the 21st century. Part I. From medical errors to iatrogenesis. Medical News. 2017;(4):25–32 (In Russ.). EDN: YMHPJR</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagaraju K, Manasa S, Manjunath R. Pharmacovigilance study in geriatric population. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2015;8(2):395–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagaraju K, Manasa S, Manjunath R. Pharmacovigilance study in geriatric population. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2015;8(2):395–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johansson-Pajalaa R, Blomgrena K, Bastholm-Rahmnerb P, Fastbomc J, Martina L. Nurses in municipal care of the elderly act as pharmacovigilant intermediaries: A qualitative study of medication management. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2016;34(1):37–45. https://doi.org/10.3109/02813432.2015.1132891</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johansson-Pajalaa R, Blomgrena K, Bastholm-Rahmnerb P, Fastbomc J, Martina L. Nurses in municipal care of the elderly act as pharmacovigilant intermediaries: A qualitative study of medication management. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2016;34(1):37–45. https://doi.org/10.3109/02813432.2015.1132891</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krishnaswami A, Steinman M, Goyal P, Zullo A, Anderson T. Birtcher K, at al. Deprescribing in older adults with cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(20):2584–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.4679</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krishnaswami A, Steinman M, Goyal P, Zullo A, Anderson T. Birtcher K, at al. Deprescribing in older adults with cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(20):2584–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.4679</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghodkhande K, Choudhari S, Gaidhane A. Self-medication practices among the geriatric population: A systematic literature review. Cureus. 2023;15(7):e42282. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42282</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghodkhande K, Choudhari S, Gaidhane A. Self-medication practi¬ces among the geriatric population: A systematic literature review. Cureus. 2023;15(7):e42282. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42282</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Florisson S, Aagesen EK, Bertelsen AS, Nielsen LP, Rosholm JU. Are older adults insufficiently included in clinical trials? — An umbrella review. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2021;128(2):213–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.13536</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Florisson S, Aagesen EK, Bertelsen AS, Nielsen LP, Rosholm JU. Are older adults insufficiently included in clinical trials? — An umbrella review. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2021;128(2):213–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.13536</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тарловская ЕИ, Омарова ЮВ. Клинико-биохимическая характеристика пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью в зависимости от варианта полипрагмазии. Южно-Российский журнал терапевтической практики. 2022;3(4):54–60. https://doi.org/10.21886/2712-8156-2022-3-4-54-60</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarlovskaya EI., Omarova YV. Clinical and biochemical characte¬ristics of patients with chronic heart failure depending on the vari¬ant of polypharmacy. South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice. 2022;3(4):54–60 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21886/2712-8156-2022-3-4-54-60</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, Waller JL, Maclean JR, Beers MH. Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a U.S. consensus panel of experts. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2716–24. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.22.2716</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, Waller JL, Maclean JR, Beers MH. Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a U.S. consensus panel of experts. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(22):2716–24. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.22.2716</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makizako H, Shimada H, Doi T, Tsutsumimoto K, Suzuki T. Impact of physical frailty on disability in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2015;5(9):e008462. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008462</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makizako H, Shimada H, Doi T, Tsutsumimoto K, Suzuki T. Impact of physical frailty on disability in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2015;5(9):e008462. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008462</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Букатина ТМ, Шубникова ЕВ. План управления рисками: экспертный анализ изменений требований Правил надлежащей практики фармаконадзора ЕАЭС к содержанию и порядку представления документа. Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии. 2023;11(1):30–7. https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2023-11-1-30-37</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bukatina TM, Shubnikova EV. Risk management plan: expert ana¬lysis of changes in the requirements of the Rules of good pharmacovigilance practice of the EAEU to the content and procedure for submitting the document. Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy. 2023;11(1):30–7 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2023-11-1-30-37</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esslinger S, Quinn L, Sampat S, Otero-Lobato M, Noël W, Geldhof A, et al. Risk Management Plans: reassessment of safety concerns based on Good Pharmacovigilance Practices Module V (Revision 2) —a company experience. J Pharm Health Care Sci. 2022;8(1):14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40780-022-00244-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esslinger S, Quinn L, Sampat S, Otero-Lobato M, Noël W, Geldhof A, et al. Risk Management Plans: reassessment of safety concerns based on Good Pharmacovigilance Practices Module V (Revision 2) — a company experience. J Pharm Health Care Sci. 2022;8(1):14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40780-022-00244-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mc Carthy CE, Murphy R, McAteer C, Okon M, O’Donnell M. 279 Inclusion of older patients in clinical trials: A review of a single, high impact, medical journal over a 2-year period. Age Ageing. 2022;51(Suppl 3):afac218.246. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afac218.246</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mc Carthy CE, Murphy R, McAteer C, Okon M, O’Donnell M. 279 Inclusion of older patients in clinical trials: A review of a single, high impact, medical journal over a 2-year period. Age Ageing. 2022;51(Suppl 3):afac218.246. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afac218.246</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pitkala KH, Strandberg TE. Clinical trials in older people. Age Ageing. 2022;51(5):afab282. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab282</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pitkala KH, Strandberg TE. Clinical trials in older people. Age Ageing. 2022;51(5):afab282. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab282</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuchel GA. Inclusion of older adults in research: Ensuring relevance, feasibility, and rigor. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67(2):203–4. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15802</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuchel GA. Inclusion of older adults in research: Ensuring relevance, feasibility, and rigor. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67(2):203–4. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15802</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paeck T, Ferreira ML, Sun C, Lin C-W, Tiedemann A, Maher CG. Are older adults missing from low back pain clinical trials? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Maher Arthritis Care &amp; Research. 2014;66(8):1220–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.22261</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paeck T, Ferreira ML, Sun C, Lin C-W, Tiedemann A, Maher CG. Are older adults missing from low back pain clinical trials? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Maher Arthritis Care &amp; Research. 2014;66(8):1220–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.22261</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veronese N, Petrovic M, Benetos A, Denkinger M, Gudmundsson A, Knol W, et al. Underrepresentation of older adults in clinical trials on COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev. 2021;71:101455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101455</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veronese N, Petrovic M, Benetos A, Denkinger M, Gudmundsson A, Knol W, et al. Underrepresentation of older adults in clinical trials on COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev. 2021;71:101455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101455</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Леонова МВ. Эволюция полипрагмазии: соответствующая и проблемная полипрагмазия, выбор правильной стратегии и тактики. Медицинский совет. 2021;(14):150–7. https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2021-14-150-157</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leonova MV. The evolution of polypharmacy: appropriate and problematic polypharmacy, choosing the right strategy and tactics. Medical Council. 2021;(14):150–7 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2021-14-150-157</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ciarambino T, Crispino P, Buono Р, Giordano V, Trama U, Iodice V, et al. Efficacy and safety of vaccinations in geriatric patients: A literature review. Vaccines. 2023;11(9):1412. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11091412</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ciarambino T, Crispino P, Buono Р, Giordano V, Trama U, Iodice V, et al. Efficacy and safety of vaccinations in geriatric patients: A ¬literature review. Vaccines. 2023;11(9):1412. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11091412</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aiello A, Ligotti ME, Garnica M, Accardi G, Calabrò A, Pojero P, et al. How can we improve vaccination response in old people? Part I: Targeting immunosenescence of innate immunity cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(17):9880. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179880</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aiello A, Ligotti ME, Garnica M, Accardi G, Calabrò A, Pojero P, et al. How can we improve vaccination response in old people? Part I: Targeting immunosenescence of innate immunity cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(17):9880. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179880</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wrona MV, Ghosh R, Coll K, Chun C, Yousefzadeh MJ. The 3 I’s of immunity and aging: Immunosenescence, inflammaging, and immune resilience. Front Aging. 2024;5:1490302. https://doi.org/10.3389/fragi.2024.1490302</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wrona MV, Ghosh R, Coll K, Chun C, Yousefzadeh MJ. The 3 I’s of immunity and aging: Immunosenescence, inflammaging, and immune resilience. Front Aging. 2024;5:1490302. https://doi.org/10.3389/fragi.2024.1490302</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Якушин СС, Никулина НН, Филиппов ЕВ, Селезнев СВ, Лыгина ЕВ, Чернышева МБ. Результаты пилотной части госпитального регистра передозировок кардиологических лекарственных препаратов (гроза): фокус на медикаментозно обусловленную брадикардию. Российский медико-биологический вестник имени академика И.П. Павлова. 2020;28(2):153–63. https://doi.org/10.23888/PAVLOVJ2020282153-163</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakushin SS, Nikulina NN, Filippov EV, Seleznev SV, Lygina EV, Chernysheva MB. Results of the pilot part of the cardiac drug overdoses hospital registry (storm): Focus on drug-induced bradycardia. I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2020;28(2):153–63 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.23888/PAVLOVJ2020282153-163</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee E-H, Park J-O, Cho J-P, Lee C-A. Prioritising risk factors for prescription drug overdose among older adults in South Korea: A multi-method study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(11):5948. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115948</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee E-H, Park J-O, Cho J-P, Lee C-A. Prioritising risk factors for prescription drug overdose among older adults in South Korea: A multi-method study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(11):5948. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115948</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mason M, Pandya K, Lundberg A. Older adult drug overdose: an application of latent class analysis to identify prevention opportunities. Harm Reduct J. 2024;21(1):61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-024-00973-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mason M, Pandya K, Lundberg A. Older adult drug overdose: an application of latent class analysis to identify prevention opportunities. Harm Reduct J. 2024;21(1):61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-024-00973-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Комиссарова ВА. Меры минимизации рисков в фармаконадзоре: обзор отечественного и зарубежного опыта. Качественная клиническая практика. 2019;(3):33–43. https://doi.org/10.24411/2588-0519-2019-10081</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komissarova VA. Risk minimization measures in pharmacovigilance: review of national and international experience. Kachestvennaya klinicheskaya praktika. 2019;(3):33–43 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24411/2588-0519-2019-10081</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Марченков НВ, Хуткина НА, Дьячкова ЛВ. Анализ рутинных мер минимизации рисков применения лекарственных препаратов производства РУП «Белмедпрепараты» на территории Республики Беларусь. Вестник Витебского государственного медицинского университета. 2022;21(1):110–20. https://doi.org/10.22263/2312-4156.2022.1.110</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marchenkov NV, Khutkina HA, Diyachkova LV. The analysis of routine risk minimization measures of the use of medicinal pro¬ducts produced by RUE «Belmedpreparaty» on the territory of the Republic of Belarus. Vitebsk Medical Journal. 2022;21(1):110–20 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.22263/2312-4156.2022.1.110</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Переверзев АП, Сорокина МВ, Яворский АН. Маркировка лекарственных средств как причина развития и способ профилактики нежелательных реакций, вызванных ошибками применения лекарственных препаратов. Ремедиум. 2015;(7):66–9. EDN: UHUTGH</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pereverzev AP, Sorokina MV, Yavorsky AN. Labeling of medicinal products as a cause of development and a method of prevention of adverse reactions caused by errors in the use of medicinal products. Remedium. 2015;(7):66–9 (In Russ.). EDN: UHUTGH</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furlan G, Cadaff-Janosa P, Sottosanti L, Cappello E, Valdiserra G, Tuccori M. Drug safety in geriatric patients: current status and proposed future actions. Drug Safety. 2020;43(9):853–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-020-00949-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furlan G, Cadaff-Janosa P, Sottosanti L, Cappello E, Valdiserra G, Tuccori M. Drug safety in geriatric patients: current status and proposed future actions. Drug Safety. 2020;43(9):853–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-020-00949-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blessy M, Patel RD, Prajapati PN, Agrawal YK. Development of forced degradation and stability indicating studies of drugs — A review. J Pharm Anal. 2014;(4):159–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2013.09.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blessy M, Patel RD, Prajapati PN, Agrawal YK. Development of forced degradation and stability indicating studies of drugs — A review. J Pharm Anal. 2014;(4):159–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2013.09.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hummler H, Stillhart C, Meilicke L, Grimm M, Krause E, Mannaa M, et al. Impact of tablet size and shape on the swallowability in older adults. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(4):1042. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041042</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hummler H, Stillhart C, Meilicke L, Grimm M, Krause E, Mannaa M, et al. Impact of tablet size and shape on the swallowability in older adults. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(4):1042. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041042</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vallet T, Michelon H, Orlu M, Jani Y, Leglise P, Laribe-Caget S, et al. Acceptability in the older population: The importance of an appropriate tablet size. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(8):746. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12080746</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vallet T, Michelon H, Orlu M, Jani Y, Leglise P, Laribe-Caget S, et al. Acceptability in the older population: The importance of an appropriate tablet size. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(8):746. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12080746</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Заверячев СА, Лотник ЕЕ, Гилавян МА, Юсуповская ЕА, Кошечкин КА. Цифровое сопровождение фармакотерапии для соблюдения режима приема лекарственных препаратов. Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии. 2023;11(4):409–22. https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2023-11-4-409-422</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaveryachev SA, Lotnik EE, Gilavyan MA, Yusupovskaya EA, Koshechkin KA. Digital pharmacotherapy support for medication adherence. Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy. 2023;11(4):409–22 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2023-11-4-409-422</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
