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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">safetyrisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2312-7821</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2312-7821-2025-506</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">safetyrisk-506</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ФАРМАКОНАДЗОРА: ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ НОВЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ДАННЫХ, ПОПУЛЯЦИОННЫХ ИCСЛЕДОВАНИЙ И ПРЕДИКТИВНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN TOPIC: EVOLUTION OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE: INTEGRATING NEW DATA SOURCES,  POPULATION STUDIES AND PREDICTIVE TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Осведомленность о фармаконадзоре и изъятии ранитидина из обращения среди сотрудников ливийских частных аптек (г. Гарьян): поперечное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacovigilance and Ranitidine Withdrawal Awareness among Libyan Private Pharmacies (Gharyan): A Cross-Sectional Study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-2780</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абид</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abeed</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Aли А. Абид, старший преподаватель, Отделение медицинских лабораторий</p><p>г. Яфран</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ali A. Abeed, Assistant Professor, Medical Laboratory Depart, </p><p>Yefren</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ali66abeid66@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абусакен</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abousaken</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алаа М. Абусакен, Факультет фармацевтики</p><p>г. Гарьян</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alaa M. Abousaken, Faculty of Pharmacy</p><p>Gharyan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абд Альвафи</surname><given-names>Ф. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abd alwafy</surname><given-names>F. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фатхья М. Абд Альвафи, Факультет фармацевтики</p><p>г. Гарьян</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fathya M. Abd alwafy, Faculty of Pharmacy</p><p>Gharyan</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акеф</surname><given-names>Х. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akef</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хадижа М. Акеф, Факультет фармацевтики</p><p>г. Гарьян</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khadija M. Akef, Faculty of Pharmacy</p><p>Gharyan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артаиль</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artail</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мурудж А. Артаиль, Факультет фармацевтики</p><p>г. Гарьян</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Murooj A. Artail, Faculty of Pharmacy</p><p>Gharyan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абуабдулла</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aboabdulla</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Раним М. Абуабдулла, Факультет фармацевтики</p><p>г. Гарьян</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raneem M. Aboabdulla, Faculty of Pharmacy</p><p>Gharyan</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Колледж медицинских технологий<country>Ливия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Yefren College of Medical Technology<country>Libya</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Университет г. Гарьян<country>Ливия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">University of Gharyan<country>Libya</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Абид А.А., Абусакен А.М., Абд Альвафи Ф.М., Акеф Х.М., Артаиль М.А., Абуабдулла Р.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абид А.А., Абусакен А.М., Абд Альвафи Ф.М., Акеф Х.М., Артаиль М.А., Абуабдулла Р.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abeed A.A., Abousaken A.M., Abd alwafy F.M., Akef K.M., Artail M.A., Aboabdulla R.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/506">https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/506</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Фармаконадзор обеспечивает безопасность препаратов благодаря постоянному мониторингу, и все же осведомленность фармацевтических работников остается недостаточной. Широко применяемый антацид ранитидин был изъят из обращения во всем мире в 2020 г. из-за примеси N-нитрозодиметиламина (НДМА), потенциального канцерогена. Несмотря на официальное изъятие ранитидина из обращения, сохраняется вероятность его необоснованного применения в практике. В этих условиях актуальной задачей становится оценка уровня профессиональной осведомленности фармацевтических работников.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Выявление проблем системы фармаконадзора аптечных организаций Ливии и направлений ее совершенствования на примере оценки осведомленности работников аптек о безопасности ранитидина и причинах его изъятия из обращения.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Поперечное исследование проводили с января по март 2023 г. среди 130 сотрудников аптек г. Гарьян (Ливия). Использовали структурированный опросник, имеющий три раздела: 1) демографические данные (возраст, пол, специализация, стаж); 2) базовые знания о фармаконадзоре (6 вопросов с ответами «Да/Нет»); 3) осведомленность об изъятии ранитидина из обращения (6 вопросов «Да/Нет»). Данные анализировали с помощью описательной статистики.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Результаты проведенного опроса показали, что почти треть участников (36,2%) не знакомы с термином «фармаконадзор», более двух третей (63,8%) не знали о существовании Центра фармаконадзора в Ливии. Это противоречит ответам респондентов о фармаконадзорных мероприятиях: 78,5% указали, что проходили обучение по фармаконадзору, 81,5% знали о специальных бланках отчетности, которые нужно заполнять при выявлении побочного действия лекарственных препаратов, а 16,2% ранее готовили такие отчеты. О случаях отзыва лекарственных препаратов из-за связанных с ними рисков были осведомлены 55,4% участников. В то же время 79,2% респондентов указали, что ранитидин можно приобрести в аптеке, 30,8% неверно относили ранитидин, блокатор Н2-гистаминовых рецепторов, к антигистаминным препаратам. Источником канцерогенных примесей в препарате 61,5% респондентов считали загрязнения при производстве, и только 36,1% ответили, что примеси также могут образоваться вследствие неправильного хранения.</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Выявленные критические пробелы в знаниях о системе фармаконадзора и безопасности ранитидина обусловливают необходимость целенаправленного обучения сотрудников ливийских аптек и более активного законодательного урегулирования процедуры изъятия лекарственных препаратов из обращения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Pharmacovigilance ensures drug safety through continuous monitoring, yet awareness remains limited in low-resource settings. Ranitidine, a widely used antacid, was withdrawn globally in 2020 due to contamination with N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a suspected carcinogen. Despite an official withdrawal from drug circulation, ranitidine is still at risk of being used unreasonably; the conditions given make it a relevant goal to assess professional awareness of pharmaceutical employees.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. This study aimed to detect pharmacovigilance challenges among Lybian pharmacies and explore the new growth vectors using awareness of ranitidine withdrawal reasons and safety issues among pharmacy employees as an example.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. A cross-sectional study was conducted engaging 130 pharmacy employees of Gharyan city, Libya, in January-March 2023. A structured questionnaire with three sections was used, including: 1) demo graphics (age, gender, education, and experience); 2) basic pharmacovigilance knowledge of participants (six questions with Yes/No answers); 3) awareness of ranitidine withdrawal (six questions with Yes/No answers). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. The survey showed that almost a third of participants (36.2%) were not familiar with the term “pharmacovigilance”; more than two-thirds (63.8%) did not know that Libya’s national pharmacovigilance centre existed. This contradicts the responses regarding pharmacovigilance measures: 78.5% stated they were trained in pharmacovigilance; 81.5% knew about special report forms to be filled out for any adverse drug reactions, while 16.2% previously made reports on adverse reactions. 55.4% of participants were familiar with the cases where drugs were withdrawn due to related risks. At the same time, 79.2% thought that ranitidine was still dispensed from the pharmacies; and 30.8% misclassified ranitidine, a Н2-blocker, as an antihistamine. 61.5% of participants thought carcinogenic impurities were caused by manufacturing contamination; moreover, only another 36.1% associated the impurities also with the improper storage.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. The identified critical gaps in pharmacovigilance knowledge and ranitidine safety highlight the need for targeted educational interventions among Gharyan pharmacy employees and regulatory enforcement of drug withdrawals from the circulation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фармаконадзор</kwd><kwd>безопасность лекарственных средств</kwd><kwd>ранитидин</kwd><kwd>Н2-гистаминоблокатор</kwd><kwd>противоязвенные препараты</kwd><kwd>нитрозодиметиламин</kwd><kwd>изъятие из обращения</kwd><kwd>осведомленность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pharmacovigilance</kwd><kwd>drug safety</kwd><kwd>ranitidine</kwd><kwd>H2-histamine antagonists</kwd><kwd>anti-ulcer drugs</kwd><kwd>nitrosodimethylamine</kwd><kwd>NDMA</kwd><kwd>awareness</kwd><kwd>withdrawal</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atia A, Botto A, Alarbi S. 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