safetyriskБезопасность и риск фармакотерапииSafety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy2312-78212619-1164Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)10.30895/2312-7821-2026-14-1-78-89safetyrisk-522Research ArticleГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ФАРМАКОНАДЗОРА: ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ НОВЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ДАННЫХ, ПОПУЛЯЦИОННЫХ ИCСЛЕДОВАНИЙ И ПРЕДИКТИВНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙMAIN TOPIC: EVOLUTION OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE: INTEGRATING NEW DATA SOURCES, POPULATION STUDIES AND PREDICTIVE TECHNOLOGIESГонадотропин-рилизинг-гормон и органы мочевыделительной системы: анализ противоречивых данных исследований эффективности и безопасности (обзор)Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and the Urinary System: Analyzing Contradictory Findings of Efficacy and Safety Studies (Review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8182-5084МайбородинИ. В.MaiborodinI. V.

Майбородин Игорь Валентинович, д-р мед. наук, профессор

пр-т Академика Лаврентьева, д. 8, г. Новосибирск, 630090;ул. Николаева, д. 12/3, г. Новосибирск, 630090

Igor V. Maiborodin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

8 Academician Lavrentyev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090; 12/3 Nikolaev St., Novosibirsk 630090

imai@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-4140-3531ШеплевБ. В.SheplevB. V.

Шеплев Борис Валентинович, д-р мед. наук

ул. Николаева, д. 12/3, г. Новосибирск, 630090

Boris V. Sheplev, Dr. Sci. (Med.)

12/3 Nikolaev St., Novosibirsk 630090

shepa@icloud.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2161-6061ЧерноморцеваЕ. С.ChernomortsevaE. S.

Черноморцева Елена Станиславовна, д-р мед. наук, профессор

ул. Александра Невского, д. 14, г. Калининград, 236016

Elena S. Chernomortseva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

14 Alexander Nevsky St., Kaliningrad 236016

cheses11@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-8366-2346ФединаИ. Ю.FedinaI. Yu.

Федина Инна Юрьевна, канд. мед. наук, доцент

пр-т Ленина, д. 40, г. Барнаул, 656038

Inna Yu. Fedina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor

40 Lenin Ave, Barnaul 656038

infedina@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-6373МайбородинаВ. И.MaiborodinaV. I.

Майбородина Виталина Игоревна, д-р мед. наук

пр-т Академика Лаврентьева, д. 8, г. Новосибирск, 630090

Vitalina I. Maiborodina, Dr. Sci. (Med.)

8 Academician Lavrentyev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090

mai_@mail.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины» Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Частное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский медико-стоматологический институт Дентмастер»РоссияInstitute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk Medical and Dental Institute DentmasterRussian FederationЧастное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский медико-стоматологический институт Дентмастер»РоссияNovosibirsk Medical and Dental Institute DentmasterRussian FederationФедеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Балтийский федеральный университет имени Иммануила Канта»РоссияImmanuel Kant Baltic Federal UniversityRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение высшего образования «Алтайский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияAltay State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины» Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2026310320261417889Copyright © Майбородин И.В., Шеплев Б.В., Черноморцева Е.С., Федина И.Ю., Майбородина В.И., 20262026Майбородин И.В., Шеплев Б.В., Черноморцева Е.С., Федина И.Ю., Майбородина В.И.Maiborodin I.V., Sheplev B.V., Chernomortseva E.S., Fedina I.Y., Maiborodina V.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/522ВВЕДЕНИЕ

ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Препараты гонадотропин-рилизинг-гормона (ГнРГ) применяют при заболеваниях органов репродукции, как женских (вызывают временную медикаментозную менопаузу), так и мужских (с целью супрессии функций при доброкачественных и злокачественных заболеваниях). Половая и мочевыделительная системы тесно связаны в онто- и филогенезе. Обобщение и критический анализ имеющихся данных о влиянии препаратов ГнРГ на органы мочевыделительной системы позволит оценить имеющуюся информацию и определить направления дальнейших исследований.

ЦЕЛЬ

ЦЕЛЬ. Систематизация имеющихся данных о пользе и рисках терапии ГнРГ в отношении мочевыделительной системы для планирования дальнейших исследований и разработки стратегий терапии.

ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ

ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Анализ результатов доклинических и клинических исследований показал, что ГнРГ и его метаболиты выводятся из организма преимущественно через почки. Препараты ГнРГ негативно влияют на функции и структуру почек: возможно развитие нефролитиаза вследствие нарушений кальциевого обмена, описаны случаи острого поражения почек вплоть до острой недостаточности. Структуры мочевого пузыря содержат рецепторы ГнРГ, что определяет высокий уровень связывания ГнРГ с его клетками. Высокие уровни ГнРГ и рецепторов ГнРГ при раке мочевого пузыря ассоциированы с повышением общей выживаемости у мужчин и ее снижением у женщин. Высокая экспрессия рецепторов ГнРГ на клеточных элементах рака определяет успешность применения препаратов ГнРГ для терапии новообразований мочевого пузыря. Аналоги ГнРГ оказывают положительный клинический эффект у женщин с возрастной менопаузальной инконтиненцией, непосредственно влияя на ткани мочевого пузыря, в том числе его сфинктерную систему, и уретру. Однако данные в некоторых рассмотренных статьях недостаточно обоснованы и статистически не подтверждены. В ряде работ сообщалось об отсутствии влияния препаратов ГнРГ на функции почек, уретры, а также на исходы опухолей мочевого пузыря.

ВЫВОДЫ

ВЫВОДЫ. Явная недостаточность данных и противоречивость публикаций по каждому из аспектов действия ГнРГ на органы мочевыделительной системы свидетельствует о малой изученности этого вопроса. Необходимо продолжение прикладных и фундаментальных исследований влияния ГнРГ на мочевыводящие пути для оценки соотношения пользы и риска, создания новых, менее токсичных противораковых средств, эффективной профилактики и коррекции нежелательных реакций при гормонотерапии различных заболеваний.

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) products are used to treat reproductive system disorders both in females (for temporary medically induced menopause) and males (in order to suppress certain functions in benign and malignant diseases). The urinary and reproductive systems are closely linked in their ontogenesis and phylogenesis. A summary and critical analysis of the existing data will allow us to assess the effects of GnRH products on the urinary system and identify areas for further research.

AIM

AIM. This study aimed to identify benefits and risks of GnRH therapy for the urinary system in order to optimize hormone therapy in various conditions.

DISCUSSION

DISCUSSION. Analysed preclinical and clinical studies showed that GnRH and its metabolites are primarily excreted by the kidneys. GnRH therapy affects the renal system: nephrolithiasis may develop due to calcium olism disorders; cases of acute kidney injury, including acute renal failure, have been reported as well. Bladder structures include GnRH receptors, resulting in high GnRH binding to bladder cells and effective GnRH therapy. However, there are sex-specific differences; high GnRH and its receptors in bladder cancer are associated with better overall survival in men. High expression of GnRH receptors on cancer cells determines the success of GnRH therapy in the bladder tumours. GnRH analogues show a positive clinical effect in women with age-related menopausal incontinence, directly influencing bladder tissue, the sphincter system, and urethra. However, the data in some of the reviewed articles were insufficiently substantiated and lacked statistical validation. A number of studies reported no effect of GnRH therapy on renal and urethral function, or on bladder tumour outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

CONCLUSIONS. The apparent lack of data and inconsistent publications on each aspect of GnRH influencing the urinary system indicate a paucity of research for this issue. Further applied and fundamental research of GnRH effects on the urinary tract is warranted to assess the benefit-risk ratio, develop less toxic anticancer agents, and effectively prevent and treat adverse reactions during hormone therapy for various diseases.

гонадотропин-рилизинг-гормонмочевыделительная системапочкимочевой пузырьуретраострое поражение почекновообразования мочевого пузырямочекаменная болезньнарушения кальциевого обменанедержание мочименопаузанарративный обзорgonadotropin-releasing hormoneGnRHurinary systemkidneysbladderurethraacute kidney injuryurinary bladder neoplasmsnephrolithiasiscalcium metabolism disordersurinary incontinencemenopausenarrative reviewИсследование поддержано в рамках государственного задания ФГБУН ИХБФМ СО РАН «Фундаментальные основы сохранения здоровья нации» № FWGN-2025-0019. Финансовой поддержки со стороны компаний — производителей оборудования, реактивов и лекарственных препаратов авторы не получалиThe study was supported by the publicly funded research project by Institute of chemical biology and fundamental medicine (No. FWGN-2025-0019). The authors did not receive any financial support from companies manufacturing equipment, reagents, and medicinal productsReferencesTsutsui K, Ubuka T. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.