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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">safetyrisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2312-7821</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2312-7821-2026-540</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">safetyrisk-540</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАКОНАДЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOVIGILANCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Безопасность анксиолитиков: анализ данных российской базы спонтанных сообщений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety of Anxiolytics: Analyzing the Russian Database of Spontaneous Reports</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7704-9900</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гомон</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gomon</surname><given-names>Yu. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гомон Юлия Михайловна, д-р мед. наук</p><p>ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia M. Gomon, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>6–8 Lev Tolstoy St., Saint Petersburg 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gomonmd@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5852-1519</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаврова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаврова Виктория Анатольевна, канд. мед. наук</p><p>ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktoria A. Lavrova, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>6–8 Lev Tolstoy St., Saint Petersburg 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1919-2909</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колбин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolbin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колбин Алексей Сергеевич, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8, Санкт-Петербург, 197022; </p><p>21-я линия В.О., д. 8a, Санкт-Петербург, 199106</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey S. Kolbin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>6–8 Lev Tolstoy St., Saint Petersburg 197022; </p><p>8a 21st Line of Vasilyevsky Island, Saint Petersburg 199106</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5751-3347</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горелов</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorelov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горелов Кирилл Витальевич</p><p>Славянская пл., д. 4, стр. 1, Москва, 109074</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill V. Gorelov</p><p>4/1 Slavyanskaya Sq., Moscow 109074</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-4206</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Незнанов</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Neznanov</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Незнанов Николай Григорьевич, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8, Санкт-Петербург, 197022;</p><p>ул. Бехтерева, д. 3, Санкт-Петербург, 192019</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay G. Neznanov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>6–8 Lev Tolstoy St., Saint Petersburg 197022;</p><p>3 Bekhterev St., St. Petersburg 192019</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Academician I.P. Pavlov First St Petersburg State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
Медицинский институт федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Academician I.P. Pavlov First St Petersburg State Medical University; &#13;
Medical Institute, Saint Petersburg State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере здравоохранения<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Academician I.P. Pavlov First St Petersburg State Medical University;&#13;
V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Online First</issue-title><elocation-id>540</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гомон Ю.М., Лаврова В.А., Колбин А.С., Горелов К.В., Незнанов Н.Г., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гомон Ю.М., Лаврова В.А., Колбин А.С., Горелов К.В., Незнанов Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gomon Y.M., Lavrova V.A., Kolbin A.S., Gorelov K.V., Neznanov N.G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/540">https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/540</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Расширение практики применения анксиолитиков в связи с увеличением заболеваемости тревожными расстройствами в мире требует оценки безопасности их применения в реальной клинической практике.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Оценить риски развития нежелательных реакций (НР) при применении анксиолитиков, рекомендованных в Российской Федерации для лечения пациентов с невротическими расстройствами, и выявить лекарственные средства (ЛС) с наиболее благоприятным профилем безопасности.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Изучены 1024 спонтанных сообщения, поступивших в базу данных «Фармаконадзор» Автоматизированной информационной системы Росздравнадзора в период 2019–2024 гг. для ЛС с международными непатентованными наименованиями диазепам, тофизопам, бромдигидрохлорфенилбензодиазепин, алпразолам, лоразепам, этифоксин, буспирон, фабомотизол. Для каждого международного непатентованного названия рассчитаны отношения шансов репортирования (reporting odds ratio, ROR), коэффициент пропорциональности репортирования (proportional reporting ratio, PRR) в отношении наиболее часто репортируемых системно-органных классов НР.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Статистически значимо чаще случаи летального исхода были связаны с применением диазепама (ROR 10,98, [4,81, 25,05], p&lt;0,001; PRR 48,56, p&lt;0,001). Установлена статистически значимая связь «НР–ЛС»: 1) диазепам и развитие НР системно-органных классов «нарушения со стороны иммунной системы», «общие нарушения и нарушения в месте введения», «нарушения со стороны дыхания, грудной клетки, средостения», «нарушения со стороны сосудов»; 2) бромдигидрохлорфенилбензодиазепин и развитие НР системно-органных классов «нарушения со стороны нервной системы», «психические нарушения»; 3) тофизопам и развитие НР системно-органного класса «нарушения со стороны желудочно-кишечного тракта». Риски отравления, передозировки, а также суицида и преднамеренного отравления при применении бензодиазепинов были сопоставимы с таковыми для небензодиазепиновых анксиолитиков: OR отравления/ передозировки 1,41 [0,46, 4,29], p=0,27; OR суицида / преднамеренного отравления 1,75, [0,79, 3,9], p=0,08.</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Наиболее благоприятный профиль безопасности был отмечен у небензодиазепинового анксиолитика гидроксизина, наименее — у диазепама. Требуется дальнейшее наблюдение за рисками развития НР ввиду малого количества поступивших спонтанных сообщений.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Expanding prescription of anxiolytics due to high global incidence of anxiety disorders necessitates a safety assessment of these drugs in clinical practice.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. This study aimed to assess the risks of adverse drug reactions (ADR) to the anxiolytics prescribed for neurotic disorders in the Russian Federation and to identify drugs with the most favorable safety profile.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. Spontaneous reports were submitted to Roszdravnadzor Automated Information System database over 2019–2024 (n=1,024) for drugs with the following international non-proprietary names: diazepam, tofisopam, bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine, alprazolam, lorazepam, etifoxine, buspirone, and fabomotizole. The reporting odds ratio (ROR) and the proportionality ratio of reporting (PRR) were calculated for each international non-proprietary name regarding the most frequently reported ADR system organ classes (SOC).</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. Fatal ADRs were significantly associated with diazepam administration (ROR 10.98, [4.81, 25.05], p&lt;0.001; PRR 48.56, p&lt;0.001). A statistically significant ADR-drug association was established for: 1) diazepam and ADRs related to SOC Immune system disorders; General disorders and administration site conditions; Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders; and Vascular disorders; 2) bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine and ADRs related to SOC Nervous system disorders and Psychiatric disorders; 3) tofisopam and ADRs related to SOC Gastrointestinal disorders. The risk of poisoning, overdoses, as well as suicide or intentional poisoning for benzodiazepine anxiolytics was comparable to non-benzodiazepine drugs (OR for poisoning/overdose 1.41 [0.46, 4.29], p=0.27; OR for suicide/intentional poisoning 1.75, [0.79, 3.9], p=0.08).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. Hydroxyzine has been deemed the safest non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic, with diazepam being the least safe. Due to the low number of reports, further monitoring of ADR risks is warranted.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фармаконадзор</kwd><kwd>нежелательная реакция</kwd><kwd>анксиолитики</kwd><kwd>бензодиазепины</kwd><kwd>спонтанное сообщение</kwd><kwd>отношение шансов репортирования</kwd><kwd>безопасность лекарственной терапии</kwd><kwd>суицид</kwd><kwd>передозировка</kwd><kwd>гидроксизин</kwd><kwd>бромдигидрохлорфенилбензодиазепин</kwd><kwd>тофизопам</kwd><kwd>этифоксин</kwd><kwd>диазепам</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pharmacovigilance</kwd><kwd>adverse drug reaction</kwd><kwd>anxiolytics</kwd><kwd>anti-anxiety agents</kwd><kwd>benzodiazepines</kwd><kwd>spontaneous report</kwd><kwd>reporting odds ratio</kwd><kwd>drug therapy safety</kwd><kwd>suicide</kwd><kwd>overdose</kwd><kwd>hydroxyzine</kwd><kwd>bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine</kwd><kwd>tofisopam</kwd><kwd>etifoxine</kwd><kwd>diazepam</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was performed without external funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brandt J, Bressi J, Lê ML, et al. 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