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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">safetyrisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2312-7821</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2312-7821-2026-541</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">safetyrisk-541</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: ПСИХОТРОПНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ФАРМАКОНАДЗОР: РИСКИ НЕЖЕЛАТЕЛЬНЫХ РЕАКЦИЙ, МЕТОДЫ ИХ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ И ПУТИ ПЕРСОНАЛИЗАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN TOPIC: PSYCHOTROPIC THERAPY AND PHARMACOVIGILANCE: RISKS OF ADVERSE REACTIONS, DETECTION METHODS, AND APPROACHES OF PERSONALIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Загрязнение инъекционных лекарственных форм частицами пробки: стратегии минимизации риска (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Coring of Injectable Dosage Forms: Risk Minimization Strategies (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5302-7609</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярошинский</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yaroshinsky</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ярошинский Милан Анатольевич</p><p>Верейская ул., д. 29, стр. 134, Москва, 121357</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Milan A. Yaroshinsky</p><p>29/134 Vereyskaya St., Moscow 121357</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">myaroshinskiy@pharm-sintez.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9805-2402</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андреева Мария Владимировна</p><p>Верейская ул., д. 29, стр. 134, Москва, 121357</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Andreeva</p><p>29/134 Vereyskaya St., Moscow 121357</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mandreeva@pharm-sintez.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5487-6781</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кинасов</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kinasov</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кинасов Дмитрий Гургенович, канд. фарм. наук</p><p>Верейская ул., д. 29, стр. 134, Москва, 121357</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry G. Kinasov, Cand. Sci. (Pharm.)</p><p>29/134 Vereyskaya St., Moscow 121357</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dkinasov@pharm-sintez.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5545-135X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балакин</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balakin</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Балакин Евгений Игоревич, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Верейская ул., д. 29, стр. 134, Москва, 121357</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenii I. Balakin, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>29/134 Vereyskaya St., Moscow 121357</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgbalakin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2734-5036</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савченко</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchenko</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савченко Алла Юрьевна, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Каширское ш., д. 31, Москва, 115409</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla Yu. Savchenko, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>31 Kashirskoe Hwy, Moscow 115409</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AYSavchenko@mephi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6132-6367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Царева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsareva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Царева Екатерина Алексеевна</p><p>Верейская ул., д. 29, стр. 134, Москва, 121357</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Tsareva</p><p>29/134 Vereyskaya St., Moscow 121357</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">etsareva@pharm-sintez.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5087-6724</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Ольга Андреевна</p><p>Верейская ул., д. 29, стр. 134, Москва, 121357</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Ivanova</p><p>29/134 Vereyskaya St., Moscow 121357</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.ivanova@pharm-sintez.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3396-5813</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пустовойт</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pustovoit</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пустовойт Василий Игоревич, д-р мед. наук</p><p>Живописная ул., д. 46, корп. 8, Москва, 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasily I. Pustovoit, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>46 Zhivopisnaya St., Moscow 123098</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vipust@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Акционерное общество «Фарм-Синтез»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pharm-Sintez JSC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации — Федеральный медицинский биофизический научный центр имени А.И. Бурназяна» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Center — Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>207</fpage><lpage>215</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ярошинский М.А., Андреева М.В., Кинасов Д.Г., Балакин Е.И., Савченко А.Ю., Царева Е.А., Иванова О.А., Пустовойт В.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ярошинский М.А., Андреева М.В., Кинасов Д.Г., Балакин Е.И., Савченко А.Ю., Царева Е.А., Иванова О.А., Пустовойт В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yaroshinsky M.A., Andreeva M.V., Kinasov D.G., Balakin E.I., Savchenko A.Y., Tsareva E.A., Ivanova O.A., Pustovoit V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/541">https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/541</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Загрязнение инъекционных и инфузионных лекарственных препаратов во флаконах непосредственно перед введением пациенту фрагментами пробки (coring) при ее проколе иглой создает прямые риски развития микроэмболии, воспалительных реакций и нарушения дозирования. Стратегия минимизации риска образования частиц в результате прокола пробки готового лекарственного препарата в Российской Федерации в настоящее время не разработана.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Определение путей минимизации риска загрязнения инъекционного препарата частицами пробки при проколе пробки флакона иглой.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Установлено, что эффективной мерой, предотвращающей попадание частиц пробки во флакон, является стандартизация техники прокола пробки: ориентация среза иглы вверх и соблюдение угла введения иглы 45–60º с последующим его увеличением до 90º существенно снижают вероятность фрагментации пробки. Использование игл малого диаметра (≥20G) и ограничение числа проколов (как можно меньше и на расстоянии не менее 0,75 мм от предыдущего прокола) также способствуют минимизации загрязнения раствора частицами пробки. Обосновано применение игл с фильтром, задерживающих образовавшиеся частицы, а также использование систем замкнутого переноса и предварительно наполненных шприцев для однократного применения, что исключает манипуляции с пробкой. Важными элементами стратегии минимизации рисков являются внедрение обязательного визуального контроля каждой дозы препарата для инъекций перед введением пациенту на темном фоне при интенсивном освещении, а также обучение медицинского персонала технике прокола с использованием симуляционных методик.</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. На основании данных литературы предложена комплексная стратегия минимизации рисков, связанных с фрагментацией пробки при инъекционном и инфузионном применении лекарственных препаратов во флаконах, которая интегрирует технологические, методические и организационные решения. Для практического внедрения рекомендованы стандартизация техники прокола пробки флакона, обучение медицинского персонала технике прокола, позволяющей снизить риск образования частиц пробки, визуальный контроль каждой дозы препарата перед введением, а также использование специализированных медицинских изделий, исключающих манипуляции с пробкой флакона.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Contamination of injection and infusion preparations in the vials with fragments of a punctured stopper (coring) poses direct risks of microembolism, inflammatory reactions in patients, and dosing errors. No risk minimization strategy for coring of a punctured stopper currently exists in the Russian Federation.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. This study aimed to determine the ways to minimize contamination risk of an injectable drug with particles of a vial stopper punctured by a needle.</p></sec><sec><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>DISCUSSION. Standardized puncturing technique for vial stoppers was found to be a fundamental preventative measure: puncturing at an angle of 45–60º, followed by a right angle, with the bevel facing upwards, significantly reduces the risk of a fragmented stopper. Using small-gauge needles (≥20G) and restricting the number of punctures (as few as possible and at least 0.75 mm apart) also minimized coring. Filter needles that trap the resulting particles were substantiated as a reliable technological solution, as well as choosing closed-loop transfer systems and prefilled single-use syringes that prevents any stopper manipulations. The important elements of the strategy include a thorough visual inspection of each dose against a dark background under intense light and training medical personnel to puncture the vials using simulation techniques.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. Based on the references, the strategy offered to minimize the risks associated with the vial stopper fragmentation at injection and infusion integrates technological, methodological, and organizational solutions. For practical implementation, it is recommended to standardize the puncturing technique of the vial stopper; to train medical personnel in puncturing techniques that reduce the risk of forming stopper particles; to visually inspect each dose of the drug before administration; and to use specific medical devices that prevent manipulations with the vial stopper.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>загрязнение лекарственных препаратов</kwd><kwd>фрагментация пробки</kwd><kwd>резиновая пробка</kwd><kwd>эластомерная пробка</kwd><kwd>безопасность оборудования</kwd><kwd>шприцы</kwd><kwd>лекарственные препараты для инъекций</kwd><kwd>техника введения иглы</kwd><kwd>управление рисками</kwd><kwd>безопасность лекарственных средств</kwd><kwd>медицинские ошибки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>drug contamination</kwd><kwd>coring</kwd><kwd>rubber particulates</kwd><kwd>elastomeric particulates</kwd><kwd>injectable medicines</kwd><kwd>equipment safety</kwd><kwd>syringes</kwd><kwd>pharmaceutical preparations</kwd><kwd>risk management</kwd><kwd>drug safety</kwd><kwd>medical errors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hruska JL, Saasouh W, Alhamda MS. 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