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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">safetyrisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2312-7821</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2312-7821-2026-14-3-331-345</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">safetyrisk-565</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ ТЕРАПИИ: ДАННЫЕ РЕАЛЬНОЙ ПРАКТИКИ, БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ, НОВЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPTIMIZING PHARMACOTHERAPY: REAL-WORLD DATA, SAFETY, NEW APPROACHES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Луспатерцепт при миелодиспластическом синдроме: обзор данных об эффективности и профиле безопасности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Luspatercept in Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Review of Efficacy and Safety Data</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-6982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левченкова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levchenkova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Левченкова Ольга Сергеевна, д-р мед. наук, доцент, кафедра фармакологии</p><p>ул. Крупской, д. 28, г. Смоленск, 214019</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga S. Levchenkova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p><p>28 Krupskaya St., Smolensk 214019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">levchenkova-o@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0953-7993</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новиков Василий Егорович, д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой фармакологии</p><p>ул. Крупской, д. 28, г. Смоленск, 214019</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasiliy E. Novikov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor </p><p>28 Krupskaya St., Smolensk 214019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">novikov.farm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6257-7129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьева</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobieva</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воробьева Виктория Владимировна, д-р мед. наук </p><p>Университетская наб., д. 7/9, Санкт-Петербург, 199034</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktoriya V. Vorobieva, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg 199034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.v.vorobeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0036-589X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жаркова</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharkova</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жаркова Людмила Павловна, д-р мед. наук, профессор </p><p>ул. Крупской, д. 28, г. Смоленск, 214019</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila P. Zharkova, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>28 Krupskaya St., Smolensk 214019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ludmila.zharkova2013@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Смоленский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smolensk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>331</fpage><lpage>345</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Левченкова О.С., Новиков В.Е., Воробьева В.В., Жаркова Л.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Левченкова О.С., Новиков В.Е., Воробьева В.В., Жаркова Л.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Levchenkova O.S., Novikov V.E., Vorobieva V.V., Zharkova L.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/565">https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/565</self-uri><abstract><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Трансфузионно-зависимая анемия при миелодиспластическом синдроме сопровождается тяжелыми осложнениями и снижением выживаемости, при этом до 70% пациентов рефрактерны к стандартной терапии эритропоэз-стимулирующими препаратами. Регистрация луспатерцепта, ингибитора сигнального пути TGF-β, определила новый подход в патогенетическом лечении анемии, однако накопление данных реальной практики требует критического осмысления специфических отсроченных рисков препарата и уточнения алгоритмов стратификации пациентов.ЦЕЛЬ. Анализ клинических и пострегистрационных данных об эффективности, безопасности и рисках применения луспатерцепта при миелодиспластическом синдроме для уточнения клинических подходов к терапии и профиля безопасности препарата.ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Анализ данных рандомизированных контролируемых исследований (MEDALIST, COMMANDS) и реальной клинической практики подтверждает значимое снижение трансфузионной зависимости и улучшение гемоглобинового ответа на фоне терапии луспатерцептом у пациентов при миелодиспластическом синдроме низкого риска, особенно при наличии кольцевых сидеробластов, мутации в гене SF3B1 и уровнеэритропоэтина &lt;500 мМЕ/мл. В то же время у пациентов без кольцевых сидеробластов эритропоэз-стимулирующие препараты сохраняют статус препаратов первой линии, а рутинное назначение луспатерцептав качестве стартовой терапии для всех пациентов преждевременно из-за недостаточности данных о долгосрочных клинических преимуществах. Профиль безопасности препарата определяет необходимость постоянного мониторинга нежелательных явлений: наряду с частыми осложнениями (усталость, артериальная гипертензия, боли в костях) особое внимание следует уделять рискам нефротоксичности, отсроченного ремоделирования костной, хрящевой, мышечной тканей, а также теоретическому онкологическому риску, обусловленному двойственной ролью сигнального пути TGF-β в канцерогенезе. Перспективным направлением преодоления резистентности и неполного ответа на монотерапию является комбинация луспатерцепта с эпоэтином альфа, усиливающая гематологический ответ.ВЫВОДЫ. Луспатерцепт представляет собой эффективный и патогенетически обоснованный вариант терапии анемии для пациентов при миелодиспластическом синдроме с кольцевыми сидеробластами. Однако его применение требует строгой стратификации пациентов на основе молекулярно-генетических биомаркеров (наличие кольцевых сидеробластов, мутации в гене SF3B1) и уровня эндогенного эритропоэтина. Формирование алгоритмов мониторинга специфических нежелательных явлений (нефротоксичность, изменения костно-хрящевой ткани) и обоснование стратегий комбинированной терапии с эритропоэз-стимулирующими препаратами позволят усилить гематологический ответ и контролировать отсроченные риски фармакотерапии в рамках рационального использования препарата.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>INTRODUCTION. Transfusion-dependent anemia in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is associated with severe complications and reduced survival, with up to 70% of patients being refractory to standard therapy with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). The approval of luspatercept, an inhibitor of the TGF-β signaling pathway, has introduced a novel approach to the pathogenesis-based treatment of anemia; however, accumulating real-world data necessitate a critical evaluation of the drug’s specific delayed risks and refinement of patient stratification algorithms.AIM. To analyze clinical and postmarketing data on the efficacy, safety, and risks of luspatercept in MDS to refine clinical approaches to therapy and the safety profile of luspatercept.DISCUSSION. Analysis of data from randomized controlled trials (MEDALIST, COMMANDS) and real-world clinical practice confirms a significant reduction in transfusion dependence and improvement in hemoglobin responseduring luspatercept therapy in patients with lower-risk MDS, particularly in the presence of ring sideroblasts, SF3B1 mutations, and an erythropoietin level &lt;500 mIU/mL. At the same time, ESAs remain the first-line agentsin patients without ring sideroblasts, and the routine use of luspatercept as initial therapy for all patients is premature due to insufficient data on long-term clinical benefits. The drug’s safety profile necessitates continuousmonitoring of adverse events: in addition to frequent complications (fatigue, arterial hypertension, and bone pain), special attention should be paid to the risks of nephrotoxicity, delayed remodeling of bone, cartilage, and muscle tissues, as well as the theoretical oncological risk arising from the dual role of the TGF-β signaling pathway in carcinogenesis. A promising direction for overcoming resistance to and incomplete response to monotherapyis the combination of luspatercept with epoetin alfa, which enhances hematologic response.CONCLUSIONS. Luspatercept is an effective and pathogenetically substantiated therapeutic option for anemia in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome with ring sideroblasts. However, its use requires strict patient stratification based on molecular genetic biomarkers (the presence of ring sideroblasts, SF3B1 mutations) and endogenous erythropoietin levels. The development of monitoring algorithms for luspatercept-specific adverse events (nephrotoxicity, changes in bone and cartilage tissue) and the justification of combination therapy strategies with ESAs will enhance the hematologic response and control the delayed risks of pharmacotherapy within the rational drug use.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>луспатерцепт</kwd><kwd>миелодиспластический синдром</kwd><kwd>трансфузионно-зависимая анемия</kwd><kwd>эритропоэз-стимулирующие препараты</kwd><kwd>трансформирующий фактор роста бета</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы TGF-β</kwd><kwd>безопасность лекарственных средств</kwd><kwd>нарративный обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>luspatercept</kwd><kwd>myelodysplastic syndrome</kwd><kwd>transfusion-dependent anemia</kwd><kwd>erythropoiesis-stimulating agents</kwd><kwd>transforming growth factor beta</kwd><kwd>TGF-β inhibitors</kwd><kwd>drug safety</kwd><kwd>narrative review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morozova EV, Tsvetkov NY, Turtanova IO, Moiseev IS. 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