<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">safetyrisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2312-7821</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/10.30895/2312-7821-2026-14-2-184-194</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">safetyrisk-575</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: ПСИХОТРОПНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ФАРМАКОНАДЗОР: РИСКИ НЕЖЕЛАТЕЛЬНЫХ РЕАКЦИЙ, МЕТОДЫ ИХ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ И ПУТИ ПЕРСОНАЛИЗАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN TOPIC: PSYCHOTROPIC THERAPY AND PHARMACOVIGILANCE: RISKS OF ADVERSE REACTIONS, DETECTION METHODS, AND APPROACHES OF PERSONALIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методы пострегистрационного фармаконадзора: спонтанные сообщения и мониторинг научной литературы (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Post-marketing pharmacovigilance methods: Spontaneous reports and scientifi c literature monitoring (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7597-2926</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Букатина</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bukatina</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Букатина Татьяна Михайловна, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana M. Bukatina, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd., Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Bukatina@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>184</fpage><lpage>194</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Букатина Т.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Букатина Т.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bukatina T.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/575">https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/575</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Многие аспекты профиля безопасности лекарственных препаратов (ЛП), включая редкие и отсроченные нежелательные реакции (НР), выявляются только в пострегистрационном периоде при применении в реальной клинической практике. Однако недостатки, характерные для основных методов пострегистрационного фармаконадзора — спонтанного репортирования и мониторинга научной литературы, такие как неполнота, фрагментарность, вариабельность качества данных, а также отсутствие единых подходов к их анализу, обусловливают необходимость систематизации информации и унификации подходов к обработке данных.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Систематизация информации о методах спонтанных сообщений и мониторинга научной литературы, а также о подходах к обработке данных в пострегистрационном фармаконадзоре для управления рисками и обеспечения безопасности лекарственных препаратов.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Спонтанное репортирование — базовый пассивный метод пострегистрационного мониторинга безопасности ЛП, преимуществами которого являются большой охват населения и возможность выявления широкого спектра НР, включая редкие, отсроченные и ранее неизвестные. Повысить эффективность метода спонтанных сообщений позволит разработка образовательных программ для медицинских работников и пациентов, внедрение технологий обработки естественного языка (natural language processing, NLP), позволяющее автоматизировать извлечение структурированной информации о НР из неструктурированных текстовых источников, а также интеграция с данными реальной клинической практики (real-world data, RWD) для подтверждения сигналов и количественной оценки рисков. Мониторинг научной литературы является связующим звеном между пассивным сбором RWD и научно обоснованными доказательствами, полученными в контролируемых исследованиях. Анализ Правил надлежащей практики фармаконадзора ЕАЭС показал, что при поиске информации в научной литературе необходимо принимать во внимание особые аспекты профиля безопасности ЛП: влияние на исходы беременности, применение в педиатрии, отсутствие эффективности, передозировка, несоответствующее общей характеристике ЛП применение, доклинические данные. Для стандартизации статистических методов выявления сигналов и их корректной интерпретации (анализ диспропорциональности в массивах спонтанных сообщений) рекомендуется использовать руководство READUS-PV (2024 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Современная методология пострегистрационного фармаконадзора является динамично развивающейся системой. Представленная систематизация подходов к спонтанным сообщениям и мониторингу научной литературы, а также перечень обязательных аспектов безопасности ЛП могут служить практическим инструментом для специалистов при планировании и проведении оценки безопасности ЛП.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Many aspects of the drug safety profile, including rare and delayed adverse drug reactions (ADRs), are identified only in the post-marketing period when the drug is used in real-world clinical practice. However, the drawbacks inherent in spontaneous reporting and scientific literature monitoring (the main methods of post-marketing pharmacovigilance), such as incompleteness, fragmentation, variability in data quality, and the lack of standardized approaches to their analysis necessitate the systematization of information and the unification of approaches to data processing.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. To systematize information on the spontaneous reporting method and scientific literature monitoring, as well as on data processing approaches in post-marketing pharmacovigilance for risk management and ensuring drug safety.</p></sec><sec><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>DISCUSSION. Spontaneous reporting is the basic passive method for post-marketing drug safety monitoring, with advantages including broad population coverage and the ability to detect a wide range of ADRs, including rare, delayed, and previously unknown ones. The effectiveness of the spontaneous reporting method can be enhanced through the development of educational programs for healthcare professionals and patients, the implementation of natural language processing (NLP) technologies to automate the extraction of structured information about ADRs from unstructured text sources, and integration with real-world data (RWD) to confirm signals and quantify risks. Scientific literature monitoring serves as a bridge between the passive collection of real-world data and evidence-based findings from controlled studies. An analysis of the EAEU Good Pharmacovigilance Practice Guidelines shows that when searching for information in the scientific literature, special aspects of the drug safety profile must be taken into account: effects on pregnancy outcomes, use in pediatrics, lack of efficacy, overdose, off-label use, and preclinical data. To standardize statistical methods for signal detection and the correct interpretation of signals (disproportionality analysis in spontaneous reporting databases), the READUS-PV guideline (2024) is recommended.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. The modern methodology of post-marketing pharmacovigilance is a dynamically evolving system. The presented systematization of approaches to spontaneous reporting and scientific literature monitoring, as well as the list of mandatory drug safety aspects, can serve as a practical tool for specialists in planning and conducting drug safety assessments.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пострегистрационный фармаконадзор</kwd><kwd>мониторинг безопасности лекарственных препаратов</kwd><kwd>пассивный мониторинг</kwd><kwd>спонтанные сообщения</kwd><kwd>мониторинг литературы</kwd><kwd>сигналы безопасности</kwd><kwd>анализ диспропорциональности</kwd><kwd>обработка естественного языка</kwd><kwd>нежелательная реакция</kwd><kwd>нарративный обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>post-marketing pharmacovigilance</kwd><kwd>drug safety monitoring</kwd><kwd>passive surveillance</kwd><kwd>spontaneous reporting</kwd><kwd>literature monitoring</kwd><kwd>safety signals</kwd><kwd>disproportionality analysis</kwd><kwd>natural language processing</kwd><kwd>adverse drug reaction</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России № 056-00061- 26-00 на проведение прикладных научных исследований (номер государственного учета НИР 124022300127-0)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was conducted at the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products as part of the applied research funded under State Assignment No. 056-00061-26-00 (R&amp;D state registration No. 124022300127-0)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Журавлева МВ, Сереброва СЮ, Кузнецова ЕВ и др. Совершенствование системы фармаконадзора в медицинских организациях как возможность повышения качества фармакотерапии. Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии. 2025;13(1):94–107. https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2025-13-1-94-107</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhuravleva MV, Serebrova SYu, Kuznetsova EV, et al. Improving the pharmacovigilance system in medical organisations as an opportunity to enhance the quality of pharmacotherapy. Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy. 2025;13(1):94–107 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2025-13-1-94-107</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pitkala KH, Strandberg TE. Clinical trials in older people. Age ¬Ageing. 2022;51(5):afab282. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab282</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pitkala KH, Strandberg TE. Clinical trials in older people. Age ¬Ageing. 2022;51(5):afab282. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab282</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alomar M, Tawfiq AM, Hassan N, et al. Post marketing surveillance of suspected adverse drug reactions through spontaneous reporting: current status, challenges and the future. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2020;11:2042098620938595. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098620938595</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alomar M, Tawfiq AM, Hassan N, et al. Post marketing surveillance of suspected adverse drug reactions through spontaneous reporting: current status, challenges and the future. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2020;11:2042098620938595. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098620938595</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raj N, Fernandes S, Charyulu NR, et al. Postmarket surveillance: A review on key aspects and measures on the effective functioning in the context of the United Kingdom and Canada. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2019;10:2042098619865413. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098619865413</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raj N, Fernandes S, Charyulu NR, et al. Postmarket surveillance: A review on key aspects and measures on the effective functioning in the context of the United Kingdom and Canada. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2019;10:2042098619865413. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098619865413</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wasiullah M, Yadav P, Yadav SK, Yadav AK. Protecting health — A pharmacovigilance analysis of drug safety. Int J Pharm Res Appl. 2025;10(2):2377–83. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-100223772383</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wasiullah M, Yadav P, Yadav SK, Yadav AK. Protecting health — A pharmacovigilance analysis of drug safety. Int J Pharm Res Appl. 2025;10(2):2377–83. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-100223772383</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu X, Zhong J, Lin Z, et al. Post-marketing safety concerns with trofinetide: A disproportionality analysis of the first therapeutic agent for Rett syndrome based on the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS). Front Pharmacol. 2026;17:1643906. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1643906</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu X, Zhong J, Lin Z, et al. Post-marketing safety concerns with trofinetide: A disproportionality analysis of the first therapeutic agent for Rett syndrome based on the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS). Front Pharmacol. 2026;17:1643906. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1643906</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abedian Kalkhoran H, Zwaveling J, van Hunsel F, et al. An innovative method to strengthen evidence for potential drug safety signals using electronic health records. J Med Syst. 2024;48(1):51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-024-02070-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abedian Kalkhoran H, Zwaveling J, van Hunsel F, et al. An innovative method to strengthen evidence for potential drug safety signals using electronic health records. J Med Syst. 2024;48(1):51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-024-02070-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paul AE, Sasidharanpillai S. Role of pharmacovigilance in drug safety monitoring. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2025;16(4):545–50. https://doi.org/10.4103/idoj.idoj_771_24</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paul AE, Sasidharanpillai S. Role of pharmacovigilance in drug safety monitoring. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2025;16(4):545–50. https://doi.org/10.4103/idoj.idoj_771_24</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Desai M. Pharmacovigilance and spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting: Challenges and opportunities. Perspect Clin Res. 2022;13(4):177–9. https://doi.org/10.4103/picr.picr_169_22</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Desai M. Pharmacovigilance and spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting: Challenges and opportunities. Perspect Clin Res. 2022;13(4):177–9. https://doi.org/10.4103/picr.picr_169_22</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dedefo MG, Kassie GM, Gebreyohannes EA, et al. Completeness of spontaneously reported adverse drug reactions in 4 databases. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2025;91(12):3389–400. https://doi.org/10.1002/bcp.70182</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedefo MG, Kassie GM, Gebreyohannes EA, et al. Completeness of spontaneously reported adverse drug reactions in 4 databases. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2025;91(12):3389–400. https://doi.org/10.1002/bcp.70182</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hammad TA, Naylor M, Ely DM, et al. Exploring the complexities of disproportionality analysis in pharmacovigilance: Reflections on the READUS-PV guideline and a call to action. Front Pharmacol. 2025;16:1573353. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1573353</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hammad TA, Naylor M, Ely DM, et al. Exploring the complexities of disproportionality analysis in pharmacovigilance: Reflections on the READUS-PV guideline and a call to action. Front Pharmacol. 2025;16:1573353. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1573353</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондарева ИБ, Зырянов СК, Асецкая ИЛ и др. Некоторые особенности статистического анализа данных спонтанных сообщений о нежелательных лекарственных реакциях. Качественная клиническая практика. 2024;(3):40–54. https://doi.org/10.37489/2588-0519-2024-3-40-54</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondareva IB, Zyryanov SK, Asetskaya IL, et al. Some features of statistical analysis of spontaneous adverse drug reporting data. Good Clinical Practice. 2024;(3):40–54 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37489/2588-0519-2024-3-40-54</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Y, Wu Y, Jiang T, et al. Opportunities and challenges of pharmacovigilance in special populations: A narrative review of the literature. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2023;14:20420986231200746. https://doi.org/10.1177/20420986231200746</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Y, Wu Y, Jiang T, et al. Opportunities and challenges of pharmacovigilance in special populations: A narrative review of the literature. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2023;14:20420986231200746. https://doi.org/10.1177/20420986231200746</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мильчаков КС. Рекомендации по мониторингу информации о безопасности и эффективности лекарственных препаратов в Российской Федерации в контексте фармаконадзора. Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии. 2022;10(3):218–29. https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2022-10-3-218-229</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milchakov KS. Recommendations on informational monitoring of the safety and efficacy of medicinal products in the Russian Federation as part of pharmacovigilance. Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy. 2022;10(3):218–29 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2022-10-3-218-229</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шубникова ЕВ. Пострегистрационный фармаконадзор: обзор открытых источников получения данных по безопасности лекарственных препаратов. Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии. 2024;12(3):309–30. https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2024-12-3-309-330</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shubnikova EV. Postmarketing surveillance: Review of open sources of drug safety data. Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy. 2024;12(3):309–30 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2024-12-3-309-330</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Литвиненко ТС, Сафроненко АВ, Макляков ЮС и др. Анализ спонтанных сообщений как «инструмент» фармаконадзора. Биомедицина. 2022;18(2):40–5. https://doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-18-2-40-45</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litvinenko TS, Safronenko AV, Maklyakov YS, et al. Analysis of spontaneous reports as a methodological pharmacovigilance tool. Journal Biomed. 2022;18(2):40–5 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-18-2-40-45</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Казаков АС, Дармостукова МА, Букатина ТМ и др. Сравнительный анализ международных баз данных спонтанных сообщений о нежелательных реакциях лекарственных средств. Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии. 2020;8(3):134–40. https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2020-8-3-134-140</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazakov AS, Darmostukova MA, Bukatina TM, et al. Comparative analysis of international databases of adverse drug reactions. Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy. 2020;8(3):134–40 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2020-8-3-134-140</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubrall D, Christ P, Domgörgen S, et al. Factors associated with the completeness of information provided in adverse drug reaction reports of physicians, pharmacists and consumers from Germany. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):23751. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07973-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubrall D, Christ P, Domgörgen S, et al. Factors associated with the completeness of information provided in adverse drug reaction reports of physicians, pharmacists and consumers from Germany. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):23751. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07973-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brand JS, Gauffin O, Sartori D, et al. VigiBase: Resource profile update with a summary of global patterns and trends in adverse event reports for medicines and vaccines. Drug Saf. 2026;49:613–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-025-01642-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brand JS, Gauffin O, Sartori D, et al. VigiBase: Resource profile update with a summary of global patterns and trends in adverse event reports for medicines and vaccines. Drug Saf. 2026;49:613–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-025-01642-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Postigo R, Brosch S, Slattery J, et al. EudraVigilance medicines safety database: Publicly accessible data for research and public health protection. Drug Saf. 2018;41(7):665–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-018-0647-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Postigo R, Brosch S, Slattery J, et al. EudraVigilance medicines safety database: Publicly accessible data for research and public health protection. Drug Saf. 2018;41(7):665–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-018-0647-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Potter E, Reyes M, Naples J, et al. FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) essentials: A guide to understanding, applying, and interpreting adverse event data reported to FAERS. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2025;118(3):567–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.3701</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potter E, Reyes M, Naples J, et al. FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) essentials: A guide to understanding, applying, and interpreting adverse event data reported to FAERS. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2025;118(3):567–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.3701</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Combi C, Zorzi M, Pozzani G, et al. From narrative descriptions to MedDRA: Automagically encoding adverse drug reactions. J Biomed Inform. 2018;84:184–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2018.07.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Combi C, Zorzi M, Pozzani G, et al. From narrative descriptions to MedDRA: Automagically encoding adverse drug reactions. J Biomed Inform. 2018;84:184–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2018.07.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiao XF, Pu L, Lan S, et al. Adverse drug reaction signal detection methods in spontaneous reporting system: A systematic review. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2024;33(3):e5768. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.5768</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiao XF, Pu L, Lan S, et al. Adverse drug reaction signal detection methods in spontaneous reporting system: A systematic review. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2024;33(3):e5768. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.5768</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fusaroli M, Salvo F, Begaud B, et al. The reporting of a disproportionality analysis for drug safety signal detection using individual case safety reports in pharmacovigilance (READUS-PV): Development and statement. Drug Saf. 2024;47(6):575–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-024-01421-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fusaroli M, Salvo F, Begaud B, et al. The reporting of a disproportionality analysis for drug safety signal detection using individual case safety reports in pharmacovigilance (READUS-PV): Development and statement. Drug Saf. 2024;47(6):575–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-024-01421-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fusaroli M, Salvo F, Begaud B, et al. The reporting of a disproportionality analysis for drug safety signal detection using individual case safety reports in pharmacovigilance (READUS-PV): Explanation and elaboration. Drug Saf. 2024;47(6):585–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-024-01423-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fusaroli M, Salvo F, Begaud B, et al. The reporting of a disproportionality analysis for drug safety signal detection using individual case safety reports in pharmacovigilance (READUS-PV): Explanation and elaboration. Drug Saf. 2024;47(6):585–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-024-01423-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graeff V, Wehler M, Dormann H, et al. Comparative analysis of drugs frequently suspected of causing adverse drug reactions reported via the spontaneous reporting system versus in a prospective multicentre cohort study in hospital emergency departments. J Clin Med. 2025;14(17):5921. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14175921</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graeff V, Wehler M, Dormann H, et al. Comparative analysis of drugs frequently suspected of causing adverse drug reactions reported via the spontaneous reporting system versus in a prospective multicentre cohort study in hospital emergency departments. J Clin Med. 2025;14(17):5921. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14175921</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Noguchi Y, Tachi T, Yoshimura T. Is it appropriate to conduct a disproportionality analysis using a spontaneous reporting database to investigate whether drug-related adverse events are dose-dependent? Front Pharmacol. 2025;16:1563524. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1563524</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Noguchi Y, Tachi T, Yoshimura T. Is it appropriate to conduct a disproportionality analysis using a spontaneous reporting database to investigate whether drug-related adverse events are dose-dependent? Front Pharmacol. 2025;16:1563524. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1563524</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kiguba R, Isabirye G, Mayengo J, et al. Navigating duplication in pharmacovigilance databases: A scoping review. BMJ Open. 2024;14(4):e081990. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081990</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiguba R, Isabirye G, Mayengo J, et al. Navigating duplication in pharmacovigilance databases: A scoping review. BMJ Open. 2024;14(4):e081990. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081990</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lavertu A, Vora B, Giacomini KM, et al. A new era in pharmacovigilance: Toward real-world data and digital monitoring. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2021;109(5):1197–202. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.2172</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lavertu A, Vora B, Giacomini KM, et al. A new era in pharmacovigilance: Toward real-world data and digital monitoring. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2021;109(5):1197–202. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.2172</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mugoša S, Meštrović A, Vukićević V, et al. SMART Pharmacist — The impact of education on improving pharmacists’ participation in monitoring the safety of medicine use in Montenegro. Pharmacy (Basel). 2025;13(2):57. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy13020057</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mugoša S, Meštrović A, Vukićević V, et al. SMART Pharmacist — The impact of education on improving pharmacists’ participation in monitoring the safety of medicine use in Montenegro. Pharmacy (Basel). 2025;13(2):57. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy13020057</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saad AH, Bondok R, Sayeg F, et al. Enhancing medication error reporting through interprofessional education: Analysis of Medwatch reporting accuracy and completion rates between teams and individuals. BMC Med Educ. 2025;25(1):756. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07349-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saad AH, Bondok R, Sayeg F, et al. Enhancing medication error reporting through interprofessional education: Analysis of Medwatch reporting accuracy and completion rates between teams and individuals. BMC Med Educ. 2025;25(1):756. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07349-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crisafulli S, Bate A, Brown JS, et al. Interplay of spontaneous reporting and longitudinal healthcare databases for signal management: Position statement from the real-world evidence and big data Special Interest Group of the International Society of Pharmacovigilance. Drug Saf. 2025;48(9):959–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-025-01548-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crisafulli S, Bate A, Brown JS, et al. Interplay of spontaneous reporting and longitudinal healthcare databases for signal management: Position statement from the real-world evidence and big data Special Interest Group of the International Society of Pharmacovigilance. Drug Saf. 2025;48(9):959–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-025-01548-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Warner J, Prada Jardim A, Albera C, et al. Artificial intelligence: Applications in pharmacovigilance signal management. Pharmaceut Med. 2025;39(3):183–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40290-025-00561-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Warner J, Prada Jardim A, Albera C, et al. Artificial intelligence: Applications in pharmacovigilance signal management. Pharmaceut Med. 2025;39(3):183–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40290-025-00561-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van der Weg W, von Kreijfelt G, Davidson L, et al. Strengthening spontaneous reporting-based signal detection during a pandemic with cases from electronic health records using a natural language processing tool. Vaccine. 2025;62:127549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127549</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van der Weg W, von Kreijfelt G, Davidson L, et al. Strengthening spontaneous reporting-based signal detection during a pandemic with cases from electronic health records using a natural language processing tool. Vaccine. 2025;62:127549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127549</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khemani DB, Malave DS, Shinde S, et al. AI-driven pharmacovigilance: Enhancing adverse drug reaction detection with deep learning and NLP. MethodsX. 2025;15:103460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2025.103460</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khemani DB, Malave DS, Shinde S, et al. AI-driven pharmacovigilance: Enhancing adverse drug reaction detection with deep learning and NLP. MethodsX. 2025;15:103460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2025.103460</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma R. Recent advances in pharmacovigilance: Artificial intelligence, real world evidence, and global harmonization. Int J Sci Res. 2025;14(2):1123–8. https://doi.org/10.21275/SR251226122226</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma R. Recent advances in pharmacovigilance: Artificial intelligence, real world evidence, and global harmonization. Int J Sci Res. 2025;14(2):1123–8. https://doi.org/10.21275/SR251226122226</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu Q, Li J, Li X, et al. Machine learning to predict adverse drug events based on electronic health records: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int Med Res. 2024;52(12):3000605241302304. https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605241302304</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hu Q, Li J, Li X, et al. Machine learning to predict adverse drug events based on electronic health records: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int Med Res. 2024;52(12):3000605241302304. https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605241302304</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malikova MA. Practical applications of regulatory requirements for signal detection and communications in pharmacovigilance. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2020;11:2042098620909614. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098620909614</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malikova MA. Practical applications of regulatory requirements for signal detection and communications in pharmacovigilance. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2020;11:2042098620909614. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098620909614</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sartori D, Aronson JK, Norén GN, et al. Signals of adverse drug reactions communicated by pharmacovigilance stakeholders: A scoping review of the global literature. Drug Saf. 2023;46(2):109–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-022-01258-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sartori D, Aronson JK, Norén GN, et al. Signals of adverse drug reactions communicated by pharmacovigilance stakeholders: A scoping review of the global literature. Drug Saf. 2023;46(2):109–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-022-01258-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Матвеев АВ, Крашенинников АЕ, Матвеева ЕА, и др. Различия европейских и евразийских правил надлежащей практики фармаконадзора. Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии. 2021;9(2):75–84. https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2021-9-2-75-84</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matveev AV, Krasheninnikov AE, Matveeva EA, et al. Differences between the European and Eurasian Good Pharmacovigilance Practices. Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy. 2021;9(2):75–84 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2021-9-2-75-84</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shafi J, Virk MK, Kalk E, et al. Pharmacovigilance in pregnancy studies, exposures and outcomes ascertainment, and findings from low-and middle-income countries: A scoping review. Drug Saf. 2024;47(10):957–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-024-01445-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shafi J, Virk MK, Kalk E, et al. Pharmacovigilance in pregnancy studies, exposures and outcomes ascertainment, and findings from low-and middle-income countries: A scoping review. Drug Saf. 2024;47(10):957–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-024-01445-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abadie D, Hurault-Delarue C, Damase-Michel C, et al. Medication exposure and spontaneous abortion: A case-control study using a French medical database. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2015;42(4):431–6. PMID: 26411206</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abadie D, Hurault-Delarue C, Damase-Michel C, et al. Medication exposure and spontaneous abortion: A case-control study using a French medical database. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2015;42(4):431–6. PMID: 26411206</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kelesidou V, Tsakiridis I, Virgiliou A, et al. Combination of mifepristone and misoprostol for first-trimester medical abortion: A comprehensive review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2024;79(1):54–63. https://doi.org/10.1097/ogx.0000000000001222</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kelesidou V, Tsakiridis I, Virgiliou A, et al. Combination of mifepristone and misoprostol for first-trimester medical abortion: A comprehensive review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2024;79(1):54–63. https://doi.org/10.1097/ogx.0000000000001222</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leichombam R, Bawiskar D. Exploring the safety and efficacy of medical termination of pregnancy: A comprehensive review. Cureus. 2023;15(10):e46444. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.46444</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leichombam R, Bawiskar D. Exploring the safety and efficacy of medical termination of pregnancy: A comprehensive review. Cureus. 2023;15(10):e46444. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.46444</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubucs C, Plaisancié J, Courtade-Saidi M, et al. The first review on prenatal drug exposure and ocular malformation occurrence. Front Pediatr. 2024;12:1379875. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2024.1379875</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubucs C, Plaisancié J, Courtade-Saidi M, et al. The first review on prenatal drug exposure and ocular malformation occurrence. Front Pediatr. 2024;12:1379875. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2024.1379875</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang T, Jiang R, Yao Y, et al. Anti-hypertensive therapy for preeclampsia: A network meta-analysis and systematic review. ¬Hypertens Pregnancy. 2024;43(1):2329068. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641955.2024.2329068</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang T, Jiang R, Yao Y, et al. Anti-hypertensive therapy for preeclampsia: A network meta-analysis and systematic review. ¬Hypertens Pregnancy. 2024;43(1):2329068. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641955.2024.2329068</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akre S, Sharma K, Chakole S, et al. Eclampsia and its treatment modalities: A review article. Cureus. 2022;14(9):e29080. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.29080</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akre S, Sharma K, Chakole S, et al. Eclampsia and its treatment modalities: A review article. Cureus. 2022;14(9):e29080. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.29080</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu H, Rosenbaum S. Developmental pharmacokinetics in pediatric populations. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2014;19(4):262–76. https://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-19.4.262</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu H, Rosenbaum S. Developmental pharmacokinetics in pediatric populations. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2014;19(4):262–76. https://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-19.4.262</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гавриленко ЛН. Актуальная проблема в педиатрии: особенности применения «детских» и «взрослых» форм лекарственных препаратов у детей. Рецепт. 2024;27(3):481–7. https://doi.org/10.34883/PI.2024.27.3.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavrilenko L. Current problem in pediatrics: Features of the use of “children’s” and “adult” forms of preparations in children. Prescription. 2024;27(3):481–7 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.34883/PI.2024.27.3.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wong IC, Ghaleb MA, Franklin BD, Barber N. Incidence and nature of dosing errors in paediatric medications: A systematic review. Drug Saf. 2004;27(9):661–70. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200427090-00004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wong IC, Ghaleb MA, Franklin BD, Barber N. Incidence and nature of dosing errors in paediatric medications: A systematic review. Drug Saf. 2004;27(9):661–70. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200427090-00004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meesters K, Balbas-Martinez V, Allegaert K, et al. Personalized dosing of medicines for children: A primer on pediatric pharmacometrics for clinicians. Paediatr Drugs. 2024;26(4):365–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40272-024-00633-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meesters K, Balbas-Martinez V, Allegaert K, et al. Personalized dosing of medicines for children: A primer on pediatric pharmacometrics for clinicians. Paediatr Drugs. 2024;26(4):365–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40272-024-00633-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бутранова ОИ, Кустов ЮО, Зырянов СК, и др. Профиль безопасности ципрофлоксацина в педиатрической популяции: анализ базы данных спонтанных сообщений. Качественная клиническая практика. 2025;(4):55–64. https://doi.org/10.37489/2588-0519-GCP-0005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Butranova OI, Kustov YuO, Zyryanov SK, et al. Safety profile of ciprofloxacin in the pediatric population: analysis of the database of spontaneous reports. Good Clinical Practice. 2025;(4):55–64 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37489/2588-0519-GCP-0005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sultana S, Mitu FH. Pharmacovigilance in paediatric population: An evolving landscape in drug safety monitoring. Mugda Medical College Journal. 2025;8(2):150–6. https://doi.org/10.3329/mumcj.v8i2.85830</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sultana S, Mitu FH. Pharmacovigilance in paediatric population: An evolving landscape in drug safety monitoring. Mugda Medical College Journal. 2025;8(2):150–6. https://doi.org/10.3329/mumcj.v8i2.85830</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenberg N, Post HC, Schutte T, et al. Access to anticancer and orphan medicines through compassionate use programs and named patient basis in seven European countries. ESMO Open. 2025;10(11):105855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2025.105855</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenberg N, Post HC, Schutte T, et al. Access to anticancer and orphan medicines through compassionate use programs and named patient basis in seven European countries. ESMO Open. 2025;10(11):105855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2025.105855</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polak TB, Cucchi DGJ, van Rosmalen J, et al. Generating evidence from expanded access use of rare disease medicines: Challenges and recommendations. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:913567. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.913567</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polak TB, Cucchi DGJ, van Rosmalen J, et al. Generating evidence from expanded access use of rare disease medicines: Challenges and recommendations. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:913567. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.913567</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polak TB, van Rosmalen J, Uyl-de Groot CA. Expanded access as a source of real-world data: An overview of FDA and EMA approvals. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2020;86(9):1819–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14284</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polak TB, van Rosmalen J, Uyl-de Groot CA. Expanded access as a source of real-world data: An overview of FDA and EMA approvals. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2020;86(9):1819–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14284</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vermeulen SF, Polak TB, Bunnik EM. Expanded access to investigational drugs in psychiatry: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res. 2023;329:115554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115554</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vermeulen SF, Polak TB, Bunnik EM. Expanded access to investigational drugs in psychiatry: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res. 2023;329:115554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115554</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polak TB, Cucchi DGJ, Schelhaas J, et al. Results from expanded access programs: A review of academic literature. Drugs. 2023;83(9):795–805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-023-01879-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polak TB, Cucchi DGJ, Schelhaas J, et al. Results from expanded access programs: A review of academic literature. Drugs. 2023;83(9):795–805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-023-01879-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marsal J, Barreiro-de Acosta M, Blumenstein I, et al. Management of non-response and loss of response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:897936. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.897936</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marsal J, Barreiro-de Acosta M, Blumenstein I, et al. Management of non-response and loss of response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:897936. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.897936</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hirschfeld RM, Montgomery SA, Aguglia E, et al. Partial response and nonresponse to antidepressant therapy: Current approaches and treatment options. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63(9):826–37. https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v63n0913</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hirschfeld RM, Montgomery SA, Aguglia E, et al. Partial response and nonresponse to antidepressant therapy: Current approaches and treatment options. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63(9):826–37. https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v63n0913</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gajdács M, Albericio F. Antibiotic resistance: From the bench to patients. Antibiotics (Basel). 2019;8(3):129. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8030129</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gajdács M, Albericio F. Antibiotic resistance: From the bench to patients. Antibiotics (Basel). 2019;8(3):129. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8030129</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахмадходжаева ММ. Современные стратегии преодоления антибиотикорезистентности. Медицинский журнал молодых ученых. 2025;16(12):190–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhmadhodjaeva MM. Modern strategies for overcoming antibiotic resistance. Medical Journal of Young Scientists. 2025;16(12):190–7 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balew M, Abeje G, Mekonnen A, et al. Prevalence of HIV drug resistance among patients experiencing first-line treatment failure in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2025;25(1):2059. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23193-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balew M, Abeje G, Mekonnen A, et al. Prevalence of HIV drug resistance among patients experiencing first-line treatment failure in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2025;25(1):2059. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23193-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жукова ОВ, Чеснокова НН, Воробьева ОА и др. Неэффективность карбапенемов в реальной клинической практике по данным терапевтического лекарственного мониторинга и сообщениям АИС Росздравнадзора. Качественная клиническая практика. 2024;(2):66–71. https://doi.org/10.37489/2588-0519-2024-2-65-71</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhukova OV, Chesnokova NN, Vorobeva OA, et al. Ineffectiveness of carbapenems in real-world clinical practice according to therapeutic drug monitoring data and Roszdravnadzor AIS reports. Good Clinical Practice. 2024;(2):66–71 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37489/2588-0519-2024-2-65-71</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaikwad V, Kumbhar S, Chougule N. Pharmacovigilance and over counter drugs ensuring safety. Int J Pharm. Sci. 2024;2(12):1193–212. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14361696</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaikwad V, Kumbhar S, Chougule N. Pharmacovigilance and over counter drugs ensuring safety. Int J Pharm. Sci. 2024;2(12):1193–212. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14361696</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murshed M, Salim M, Boyd BJ. Existing and emerging mitigation strategies for the prevention of accidental overdose from oral pharmaceutical products. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2022;180:201–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.10.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murshed M, Salim M, Boyd BJ. Existing and emerging mitigation strategies for the prevention of accidental overdose from oral pharmaceutical products. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2022;180:201–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.10.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soumerai SB, Koppel R, Naci H, et al. Intended and unintended outcomes after FDA pediatric antidepressant warnings: A systematic review. Health Aff (Millwood). 2024;43(10):1360–9. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00263</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soumerai SB, Koppel R, Naci H, et al. Intended and unintended outcomes after FDA pediatric antidepressant warnings: A systematic review. Health Aff (Millwood). 2024;43(10):1360–9. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00263</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hannibal GD, Vithanage N, Madhushika MT, et al. A systematic review of prescription errors in paediatric care. BMC Health Serv Res. 2025;25(1):967. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13109-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hannibal GD, Vithanage N, Madhushika MT, et al. A systematic review of prescription errors in paediatric care. BMC Health Serv Res. 2025;25(1):967. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13109-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naseralallah L, Stewart D, Price M, et al. Prevalence, contributing factors, and interventions to reduce medication errors in outpatient and ambulatory settings: a systematic review. Int J Clin Pharm. 2023;45(6):1359–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-023-01626-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naseralallah L, Stewart D, Price M, et al. Prevalence, contributing factors, and interventions to reduce medication errors in outpatient and ambulatory settings: a systematic review. Int J Clin Pharm. 2023;45(6):1359–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-023-01626-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Day RO. Ongoing challenges of off-label prescribing. Aust Prescr. 2023;46(4):86–9. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2023.022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Day RO. Ongoing challenges of off-label prescribing. Aust Prescr. 2023;46(4):86–9. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2023.022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taylor J, Blockman M. Wrong-route drug administration errors: A review of the literature. S Afr Med J. 2023;113(12):29. https://doi.org/10.7196/samj.2023.v113i12.1043</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taylor J, Blockman M. Wrong-route drug administration errors: A review of the literature. S Afr Med J. 2023;113(12):29. https://doi.org/10.7196/samj.2023.v113i12.1043</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сомова МН, Батищева ГА, Абрамян АА, Клюкин АА. Фармацевтическое взаимодействие лекарственных средств: актуальные аспекты в реальной клинической практике. Научно-медицинский вестник Центрального Черноземья. 2024;25(2):30–7. https://doi.org/10.18499/1990-472X-2024-25-2-30-37</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Somova MN, Batishcheva GA, Abramyan AA, Klyukin AA. Pharmaceutical drug interactions: Current aspects in real clinical practice. Medical Scientific Bulletin of Central Chernozemye. 2024;25(2):30–7 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18499/1990-472X-2024-25-2-30-37</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сорокина АВ, Алексеева СВ, Мирошкина ИА и др. Изучение острой токсичности ГИЖ-298 на беспородных белых мышах при пероральном введении. Фармакокинетика и фармакодинамика. 2023;(1):51–7. https://doi.org/10.37489/2587-7836-2023-1-51-57</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorokina AV, Alekseeva SV, Miroshkina IA, et al. Study of acute toxicity of GIZh-298. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. 2023;(1):51–7 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37489/2587-7836-2023-1-51-57</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ye Q, Xing W, Hu X, et al. Preclinical pharmacokinetics, ADME, and drug-drug interaction evaluation of S024, a novel p38/MK2 inhibitor for rheumatoid arthritis. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2026;20:591017 https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S591017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ye Q, Xing W, Hu X, et al. Preclinical pharmacokinetics, ADME, and drug-drug interaction evaluation of S024, a novel p38/MK2 inhibitor for rheumatoid arthritis. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2026;20:591017 https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S591017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dande A, Chandra Mouli HM, Nandy J, et al. Risk assessment, detection and control of mutagenic impurities in pharmaceuticals: Emphasis on nitrosamines. Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2025;1–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2025.2517357</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dande A, Chandra Mouli HM, Nandy J, et al. Risk assessment, detection and control of mutagenic impurities in pharmaceuticals: Emphasis on nitrosamines. Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2025;1–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2025.2517357</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu J, Zhu M, Zhu Y, et al. From class effects to specificity FAERS evi-dence and network mapping of adverse events in NSCLC targeted therapy. Int J Surg. 2026;112(4):9520–34. https://doi.org/10.1097/JS9.0000000000004704</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu J, Zhu M, Zhu Y, et al. From class effects to specificity FAERS evi-dence and network mapping of adverse events in NSCLC targeted therapy. Int J Surg. 2026;112(4):9520–34. https://doi.org/10.1097/JS9.0000000000004704</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeng X, Dai L, Li Z, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of imrecoxib versus celecoxib: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2026;16:1707079. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1707079</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeng X, Dai L, Li Z, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of imrecoxib versus celecoxib: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2026;16:1707079. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1707079</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radulian IL, Nitulescu G, Zanfirescu A, et al. Comparative analysis of adverse effects: Protein kinase inhibitors versus traditional anticancer therapies. Sci Pharm. 2025;93(2):20. https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm93020020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radulian IL, Nitulescu G, Zanfirescu A, et al. Comparative analysis of adverse effects: Protein kinase inhibitors versus traditional anticancer therapies. Sci Pharm. 2025;93(2):20. https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm93020020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skov K, Sædder AE, Madsen GK, et al, Hypersensitivity to opioids: Prevalence, mechanisms, diagnosis and management. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2026;138(2):e70182. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.70182</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skov K, Sædder AE, Madsen GK, et al, Hypersensitivity to opioids: Prevalence, mechanisms, diagnosis and management. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2026;138(2):e70182. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.70182</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tchijevitch O, Hansen SM, Hallas J, et al. Methodological approaches for analyzing medication error reports in patient safety reporting systems: A scoping review. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2025;51(1):46–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjq.2024.10.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tchijevitch O, Hansen SM, Hallas J, et al. Methodological approaches for analyzing medication error reports in patient safety reporting systems: A scoping review. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2025;51(1):46–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjq.2024.10.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martenot V, Masdeu V, Cupe J, et al. LiSA: An assisted literature search pipeline for detecting serious adverse drug events with deep learning. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2022;22(1):338. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-02085-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martenot V, Masdeu V, Cupe J, et al. LiSA: An assisted literature search pipeline for detecting serious adverse drug events with deep learning. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2022;22(1):338. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-02085-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
