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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">safetyrisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2312-7821</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/2312-7821-2026-14-2-225-236</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">safetyrisk-603</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: ПСИХОТРОПНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ФАРМАКОНАДЗОР: РИСКИ НЕЖЕЛАТЕЛЬНЫХ РЕАКЦИЙ, МЕТОДЫ ИХ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ И ПУТИ ПЕРСОНАЛИЗАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN TOPIC: PSYCHOTROPIC THERAPY AND PHARMACOVIGILANCE: RISKS OF ADVERSE REACTIONS, DETECTION METHODS, AND APPROACHES OF PERSONALIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние аллеля D гена АСЕ (rs1799752) на эффективность ингибиторов ангиотензинпревращающего фермента: пилотное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of ACE Gene D Allele (rs1799752) on Efficacy of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: A Pilot Study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7011-0932</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комарова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комарова Ольга Владимировна </p><p>ул. Бакинская, д. 121, г. Астрахань, 414000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Komarova</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaf_farm@astgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3278-2556</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кантемирова</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kantemirova</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кантемирова Бэла Исмаиловна, д-р мед. наук, профессор </p><p>ул. Бакинская, д. 121, г. Астрахань, 414000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bela I. Kantemirova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor </p><p>121 Bakinskaya St., Astrakhan 414000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6564-3408</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романова</surname><given-names>A. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Романова Александра Николаевна </p><p>ул. Бакинская, д. 121, г. Астрахань, 414000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra N. Romanova </p><p>121 Bakinskaya St., Astrakhan 414000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6263-4467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горшков</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorshkov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горшков Дмитрий Александрович, канд. мед. наук, доцент </p><p>ул. Бакинская, д. 121, г. Астрахань, 414000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy A. Gorshkov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor </p><p>121 Bakinskaya St., Astrakhan 414000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Астраханский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Astrakhan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>225</fpage><lpage>236</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Комарова О.В., Кантемирова Б.И., Романова A.Н., Горшков Д.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комарова О.В., Кантемирова Б.И., Романова A.Н., Горшков Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komarova O.V., Kantemirova B.I., Romanova A.N., Gorshkov D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/603">https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/603</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Артериальная гипертензия остается одной из ведущих причин сердечно-сосудистой заболеваемости и смертности, однако данные о влиянии генетических полиморфизмов на эффективность и безопасность ингибиторов ангиотензинпревращающего фермента (иАПФ) противоречивы и фрагментарны. Эффективность антигипертензивной терапии может также снижаться при курении, избыточной массе тела, избыточном потреблении соли, наличии сахарного диабета 2 типа (СД2). Комплексная оценка влияния полиморфизмов гена АСЕ и конфаундеров позволит корректно интерпретировать причины вариабельности эффективности терапии иАПФ и оптимизировать терапию.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Оценка влияния аллеля D гена АСЕ (I/D (rs1799752)) и сопутствующих конфаундеров (возраст, пол, курение, избыточная масса тела, избыточное потребление соли, СД2) на эффективность применения иАПФ у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией в рамках пилотного исследования для прогнозирования достижения целевого значения артериального давления (АД).</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Проведено пилотное фармакогенетическое исследование с участием 90 амбулаторных пациентов обоего пола с впервые установленным диагнозом «артериальная гипертензия» в период с февраля по май 2025 г. Результаты генотипирования образцов крови проверяли на корректность распределения генотипов по уравнению Харди–Вайнберга с учетом поправки на малые группы. Количественные данные подвергали проверке на нормальность распределения выборки. Корреляционную зависимость рассчитывали при помощи точного критерия Фишера (95% ДИ) с дополнительной оценкой силы связи параметров по V Крамеру. Построена AUC-ROC прогностическая модель с оценкой чувствительности и специ­фичности влияния генотипа на достижение пациентами целевых значений АД &lt;140/90 мм рт. ст.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. После проведения терапии иАПФ 39 пациентов достигли целевых значений АД (II — 34 (87,2%); ID — 5 (12,8%); DD — 0 (0%)), не достиг 51 пациент (II — 1 (0,7%); ID — 33 (67,4%); DD — 17 (33,3%)). Наличие полиморфного аллеля D гена АСЕ (rs1799752) было статистически значимо ассоциировано с недостижением целевых значений АД на фоне терапии иАПФ (точный критерий Фишера, p&lt;0,001; V Крамера 0,82); ROC-анализ числа аллелей D продемонстрировал высокую дискриминационную способность в прогнозировании недостижения целевого АД (AUC=0,947; 95% ДИ: 0,899–0,996). Среди анализируемых конфаундеров статистически значимая связь с недостижением целевого АД выявлена для избыточного потребления соли (p&lt;0,05), тогда как пол, возраст, наличие СД2, курение и избыточная масса тела не имели значимой ассоциации с частотой достижения целевых значений АД (p&gt;0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. У пациентов в изученной выборке повышенный риск недостижения целевого АД на фоне терапии иАПФ был ассоциирован с носительством аллеля D гена АСЕ (rs1799752) и избыточным потреблением соли, тогда как другие конфаундеры не продемонстрировали клинически значимой прогностической роли. Данные получены на однородной выборке небольшого объема, поэтому их следует рассматривать как предварительные. Необходимо подтверждение в более крупных многоцентровых исследованиях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Arterial hypertension remains one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, however, data on the effect of genetic polymorphisms on the efficacy and safety of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are contradictory and fragmentary. The effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy may also decrease with smoking, overweight, excessive salt intake, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A comprehensive assessment of the effect of ACE gene polymorphisms and confounders will allow correct interpretation of the causes of variability in the effectiveness of ACE inhibitors and optimization of therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the ACE gene D allele (I/D rs1799752) and concomitant confounders (age, sex, smoking, overweight, excess salt intake, type 2 diabetes mellitus) on the efficacy of ACE inhibitors in patients with arterial hypertension in a pilot study, and to determine the feasibility of genotyping for predicting achievement of target blood pressure.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. A pilot pharmacogenetic study was conducted with the participation of 90 ambulatory patients of both sexes with newly diagnosed arterial hypertension in the period from February to May 2025. Genotyping results of blood samples was tested for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with a correction for small groups. Quantitative data were tested for normality. The correlation was assessed using Fisher’s exact test (95% CI) with Cramér’s V for strength of association. An AUC-ROC prognostic model was built to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the effect of genotype on achieving target blood pressure (BP) &lt;140/90 mmHg.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. After receiving ACE inhibitor therapy, 39 patients achieved target blood pressure values (II — 34 (87.2%); ID — 5 (12.8%); DD — 0 (0%)), while 51 patients did not (II — 1 (0.7%); ID — 33 (67.4%); DD — 17 (33.3%)). The poly­morphic ACE gene D allele (rs1799752) was significantly associated with failure to achieve target BP on ACE inhibitor therapy (Fisher’s exact test, p&lt;0.001; Cramér’s V=0.82). ROC analysis of the number of D alleles showed high discriminatory ability for predicting target BP failure (AUC=0.947; 95% CI: 0.899–0.996). Among confounders, excess salt intake was significantly associated with target BP failure (p&lt;0.05), whereas sex, age, type 2 diabetes mellitus, smoking, and overweight showed no significant association (p&gt;0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. Carriage of the ACE gene D allele (rs1799752) and excess salt intake were associated with an increased risk of failing to achieve target BP on ACE inhibitor therapy, while other confounders demonstrated no clinically significant predictive role. Because of the small sample size and homogeneity, these findings should be considered preliminary and require confirmation in larger multicenter studies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>артериальное давление</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм генов</kwd><kwd>генотип</kwd><kwd>аллель D</kwd><kwd>фармакогенетика</kwd><kwd>фармакогенетическое тестирование</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы ангиотензинпревращающего фермента</kwd><kwd>периндоприл</kwd><kwd>лизиноприл</kwd><kwd>эналаприл</kwd><kwd>фозиноприл</kwd><kwd>рамиприл</kwd><kwd>пилотное исследование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>blood pressure</kwd><kwd>genetic polymorphism</kwd><kwd>genotype</kwd><kwd>D allele</kwd><kwd>pharmacogenetics</kwd><kwd>pharmacogenetic testing</kwd><kwd>angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors</kwd><kwd>perindopril</kwd><kwd>lisinopril</kwd><kwd>enalapril</kwd><kwd>fosinopril</kwd><kwd>ramipril</kwd><kwd>pilot study</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kohli S, Kumar R, Gupta M, et al. 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