<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">safetyrisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2312-7821</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">safetyrisk-65</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные подходы к сбору и репортированию информации о побочном действии лекарственных средств</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern approaches to collecting and reporting information on side effects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Затолочина</surname><given-names>К. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zatolochina</surname><given-names>K. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Снегирева</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Snegireva</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казаков</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесникова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журавлева</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuravleva</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Букатина</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bukatina</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дармостукова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Darmostukova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Затолочина К.Э., Снегирева И.И., Казаков А.С., Колесникова Е.Ю., Журавлева Е.О., Букатина Т.М., Дармостукова М.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Затолочина К.Э., Снегирева И.И., Казаков А.С., Колесникова Е.Ю., Журавлева Е.О., Букатина Т.М., Дармостукова М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zatolochina K.E., Snegireva I.I., Kazakov A.S., Kolesnikova E.Y., Zhuravleva E.O., Bukatina T.M., Darmostukova M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/65">https://www.risksafety.ru/jour/article/view/65</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре представлены результаты анализа отечественной и зарубежной научной литературы по вопросам выявления и репортирования информации о побочном действии лекарственных средств для систем мониторинга безопасности лекарственных средств. Рассмотрены элементы системы сбора информации о нежелательных реакциях на лекарственные средства, а также вопросы технического усовершенствования способов выявления и репортирования сведений и вопросы расширения числа лиц участвующих в репортировании и поиска новых источников данных о безопасности лекарственных средств. Отмечена роль пациентов в качестве источников и репортеров информации, рассмотрена возможность использования социальных медийных средств как источников новых данных о побочном действии лекарственных препаратов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>We have prepared this review of the domestic and foreign scientific literature to characterize the different modern approaches to collecting of ADR information. Advent of new technologies in mobile devices and software applications is leading to facilitate information gathering. The importance of medical literature, social media and patient-generated data for pharmacovigilance were highlighted.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фармаконадзор</kwd><kwd>спонтанные сообщения</kwd><kwd>нежелательная реакция</kwd><kwd>pharmacovigilance</kwd><kwd>spontaneous reports</kwd><kwd>adverse drug reaction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strom BL. Pharmacoepidemiology. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strom B. L. Pharmacoepidemiology. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руководство по экспертизе лекарственных средств. Том III. М.: ПОЛИГРАФ-ПЛЮС; 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guidelines for the examination of drugs. V. III. Mjscow: POLYGRAPH PLUS; 2014 (in  Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Меркулов ВА, Бунятян НД, Сакаева ИВ, Лепахин ВК, Романов БК, Ефремова ТА. Новые законодательные инициативы по повышению безопасности лекарственных средств в европейском союзе. Ведомости Научного центра экспертизы средств медицинского применения 2013; 3: 45-48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merkulov VA, Bunyatyan ND, Sakaeva IV, Lepakhin VC, Romanov BK. New legislative  initiatives for improving the safety of medicines in the European Union. The  Bulletin of the Scientific center for expert evaluation of medical products 2013; 3: 45–48 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Снегирева ИИ, Затолочина КЭ, Озерецковский НА, Романов БК, Миронов АН. Фармаконадзор вакцин в России: нормативно-правовое регулирование, особенности развития на современном этапе. Ведомости Научного центра экспертизы средств медицинского применения 2014; 4: 27-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snegireva II, Zatolochina KE, Ozeretskovsky NA, Romanov BK, Mironov AN. Vaccine  pharmacovigilance in Russia, legal and regulatory framework, current stage of  development. The Bulletin of the Scientific center for expert evaluation of medical products 2014; 4: 27–31. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pal SN, Duncombe C, Falzon D, Olsson S. WHO strategy for collecting safety data in public health programmes: complementing spontaneous reporting systems. Drug Saf. 2013; 36(2): 75-81. doi: 10.1007/s40264-012-0014-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pal SN, Duncombe C, Falzon D, Olsson S. WHO strategy for collecting safety data  in public health programmes: complementing spontaneous reporting systems. Drug Saf.  2013; 36(2): 75–81. doi: 10.1007/s40264-012-0014-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Härmark L, Raine J, Leufkens H, Edwards R, et al. Patient-Reported Safety Information: A Renaissance of Pharmacovigilance? Drug Saf. 2016; 39(10): 883-90. doi: 10.1007/s40264-016-0441-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Härmark L, Raine J, Leufkens H, Edwards R, et al. Patient-Reported Safety  Information: A Renaissance of Pharmacovigilance? Drug Saf. 2016; 39(10): 883–90. doi: 10.1007/s40264-016-0441-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Directive 2010/84/EU. Offcial Journal of the European Union 2010; L. 348-74-99.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Directive 2010/84/EU. Offcial Journal of the European Union 2010; L. 348-74-99.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Regulation 1235/2010. Offcial Journal of the European Union 2010; L. 348-1-16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Regulation 1235/2010. Offcial Journal of the European Union 2010; L. 348-1-16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Hunsel F, Talsma A, van Puijenbroek E, de Jong-van den Berg L, van Grootheest K. The proportion of patient reports of suspected ADRs to signal detection in the Netherlands: case-control study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2011; 20: 286-91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Hunsel F, Talsma A, van Puijenbroek E, de Jong-van den Berg L, van Grootheest  K. The proportion of patient reports of suspected ADRs to signal detection in the  Netherlands: case-control study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2011; 20:286–91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hazell L, Cornelius V, Hannaford P, Shakir S, Avery AJ. How do patients contribute to signal detection? A retrospective analysis of spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions in the UK’s Yellow Card Scheme. Drug Saf. 2013; 36: 199-206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hazell L, Cornelius V, Hannaford P, Shakir S, Avery AJ. How do patients  contribute to signal detection? A retrospective analysis of spontaneous reporting of dverse drug reactions in the UK’s Yellow Card Scheme. Drug Saf. 2013; 36: 199–206.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blenkinsopp A, Wilkie P, Wang M, Routledge PA. Patient reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions: a review of published literature and international experience. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63:148-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blenkinsopp A,Wilkie P,Wang M, Routledge PA. Patient reporting of suspected  adverse drug reactions: a review of published literature and international experience. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007; 63: 148–56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Medawar C, Herxheimer A. A comparision of adverse drug reaction reports from professionals and users, relating to risk of dependence and suicidal behavior with paroxetine. Int J Risk Saf Med. 2004; 16: 5-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medawar C, Herxheimer A. A comparision of adverse drug reaction reports from  professionals and users, relating to risk of dependence and suicidal behavior with  paroxetine. Int J Risk Saf Med. 2004; 16: 5–19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avery AJ, Anderson C, Bond CM, Fortnum H, Gifford A, Hannaford PC, Hazell L, Krska J, Lee AJ, McLernon DJ, et al. Evaluation of patient reporting of adverse drug reactions to the UK ‘Yellow Card Scheme’: literature review, descriptive and qualitative analyses, and questionnaire surveys. Health Technol. Assess. 2011; 15:1 - iv.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avery AJ, Anderson C, Bond CM, Fortnum H, Gifford A, Hannaford PC, Hazell L,  Krska J, Lee AJ, McLernon DJ, et al. Evaluation of patient reporting of adverse drug  reactions to the UK ‘Yellow Card Scheme’: literature review, descriptive and  qualitative analyses, and questionnaire surveys. Health Technol. Assess. 2011; 15:1 – iv.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rolfes L, van Hunsel F, Wilkes S, van Grootheest K, van Puijenbroek E. Adverse drug reaction reports of patients and healthcare professionals-differences in reported information. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2015; 24: 152-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rolfes L, van Hunsel F, Wilkes S, van Grootheest K, van Puijenbroek E. Adverse  drug reaction reports of patients and healthcare professionals-differences in reported information. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2015; 24: 152–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Langen J, van Hunsel F, Passier A, deJong-van den BergL, van Grootheest K. Adverse drug reaction reporting by patients in the Netherlands: three years of experience. Drug Saf. 2008; 31: 515-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Langen J, van Hunsel F, Passier A, deJong-van den BergL, van Grootheest K.  Adverse drug reaction reporting by patients in the Netherlands: three years of  experience. Drug Saf. 2008; 31: 515–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kennedy SH, Rizvi S. Sexual dysfunction, depression, and the impact of antidepressants. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009; 29: 157-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kennedy SH, Rizvi S. Sexual dysfunction, depression, and the impact of  antidepressants. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009; 29: 157–64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ekhart CG, van Puijenbroek EP. Does sexual dysfunction persist upon discontinuation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors? Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2014; 56: 336-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ekhart CG, van Puijenbroek EP. Does sexual dysfunction persist upon  discontinuation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors? Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2014; 56: 336–40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb. SSRIs and aggression. [Электронный ресурс] 2016 (дата обращения 21.01.2017). Доступно на: http://www.lareb.nl/Signalen/kwb_2009_3_ssris.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb. SSRIs and aggression. [Electronic  source] 2016 (cited 21 Dec 2017). Avaible at: http://www.lareb.nl/Signalen/kwb_2009_3_ssris.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb. SSRI’s and aggression an update. [Электронный ресурс] 2014 (дата обращения 21.01.2017). Доступно на: http://www.lareb.nl/Signalen/KWB_2014_2_SSRI.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb. SSRI’s and aggression an update.  [Electronic source] 2014 (cited 21 Dec 2017). Avaible at http://www.lareb.nl/Signalen/KWB_2014_2_SSRI.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Graaf L, van Puijenbroek EP. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors and shocklike paresthesia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003; 64: 969-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Graaf L, van Puijenbroek EP. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors and shocklike  paresthesia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003; 64: 969–71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frost L, Lal S. Shock-like sensations after discontinuation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Am J Psychiatry. 1995; 152: 810.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frost L, Lal S. Shock-like sensations after discontinuation of selective  serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Am J Psychiatry. 1995; 152: 810.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb. Serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and Shocklike Paraesthesia. [Электронный ресурс] 2002 (дата обращения 21.01.2017). Доступно на: http://www.lareb.nl/Signalen/kwb_2002_2_ssris. Accessed 21 Jan 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb. Serotonin re-uptake inhibitors  (SSRIs) and Shocklike Paraesthesia. [Electronic source] 2002 (cited 21 Dec 2017).  Avaible at http://www.lareb.nl/Signalen/kwb_2002_2_ssris. Accessed 21 Jan 2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb. Duloxetine and Electric Shock Sensations. [Электронный ресурс] 2011 (дата обращения 21.01.2017). Доступно на: http://www.lareb.nl/Signalen/kwb_2011_2_dulox.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb. Duloxetine and Electric Shock  Sensations[Electronic source] 2011 (cited 21 Dec 2017). Avaible at http://www.lareb.nl/Signalen/kwb_2011_2_dulox.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Hunsel F. Examples of the role of patient reports in safety signals. Lareb 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Hunsel F. Examples of the role of patient reports in safety signals. Lareb 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Download the Yellow Card mobile app to report suspected adverse drug reactions. [Электронный ресурс] 2015 (дата обращения 21.01.2017). Доступно на: https://www.gov.uk/drug-safety-update/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Download the Yellow Card mobile app to report suspected adverse drug reactions.  [Electronic source] 2002 (cited 21 Dec 2017). Avaible at https://www.gov.uk/drug-safety-update.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WEB-RADR. IMI - Innovative Medicines Initiative. [Электронный ресурс] 2014 (дата обращения 10.01.2017). Доступно на: https://www.imi.europa.eu/content/web-radr.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WEB-RADR. IMI — Innovative Medicines Initiative. [Electronic source] 2002 (cited  21 Dec 2017). Avaible at https://www.imi.europa.eu/content/web-radr.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guideline on good pharmacovigilance practices (GVP) - Module VI (Rev 1) EMA/873138/2011 Rev 1. 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guideline on good pharmacovigilance practices (GVP) — Module VI (Rev 1)  EMA/873138/2011 Rev 1. 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Решение Совета Евразийской экономической комиссии от 03.11.2016 № 87 «Об утверждении Правил надлежащей практики фармаконадзора Евразийского экономического союза». [Электронный ресурс] 2015 (дата обращения 10.01.2017). Доступно на: https://docs.eaeunion.org/docs/ru-ru/01411948/cncd_21112016_87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Decision of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated 03.11.2016¹ 87  «On approval of rules of the Good Pharmacovigilance Practice of the Eurasian  Economic Union». [Electronic source] 2016 (cited 21 Dec 2017). Avaible at https://docs.eaeunion.org/docs/ru-ru/01411948/cncd_21112016_87.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarker A, Ginn R, Nikfarjam A, O’Connor K, Smith K, Jayaraman S, Upadhaya T, Gonzalez G. Utilizing social media data for pharmacovigilance: A review. J Biomed Inform. 2015; 54: 202-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2015.02.004. Epub 2015 Feb 23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarker A, Ginn R, Nikfarjam A, O’Connor K, Smith K, Jayaraman S, Upadhaya T,  Gonzalez G. Utilizing social media data for pharmacovigilance: A review. J Biomed  Inform. 2015; 54: 202–12. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2015.02.004. Epub 2015 Feb 23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sloane R, Osanlou O, Lewis D, Bollegala D, Maskell S, Pirmohamed M. Social media and pharmacovigilance: A review of the opportunities and challenges. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2015; 80(4): 910-20. doi: 10.1111/bcp. 12717. Epub 2015 Sep 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sloane R, Osanlou O, Lewis D, Bollegala D, Maskell S, Pirmohamed M. Social media  and pharmacovigilance: A review of the opportunities and challenges. Br J Clin  Pharmacol. 2015;80 (4): 910–20. doi: 10.1111/bcp. 12717. Epub 2015 Sep 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edwards R, Lindquist M. Social media and networks in pharmacovigilance: boon or bane? Drug Saf. 2011; 34(4): 267-71. doi: 10.2165/11590720-000000000-00000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edwards R, Lindquist M. Social media and networks in pharmacovigilance: boon or  bane? Drug Saf. 2011; 34(4): 267–71. doi: 10.2165/11590720-000000000-00000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benton A, Ungar L, Hill S, Hennessy S, Mao J, Chung A, Leonard CE, Holmes JH. Identifying potential adverse effects using the web: a new approach to medical hypothesis generation. J Biomed Inform. 2011; 44(6): 989-96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benton A, Ungar L, Hill S, Hennessy S, Mao J, Chung A, Leonard CE, Holmes JH.  Identifying potential adverse effects using the web: a new approach to medical  hypothesis generation. J Biomed Inform. 2011; 44(6): 989–96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Statista - The Statistics Portal for Market Data, Market Research and Market Studies. [Электронный ресурс] 2017 (дата обращения 10.01.2017). Доступно на: https://www.statista.com.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Statista — The Statistics Portal for Market Data, Market Research and Market  Studies. [Electronic source] 2002 (cited 21 Dec 2017). Avaible at https://www.statista.com.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harpaz R, DuMouchel W, Shah NH, Madigan D, Ryan P, Friedman C. Novel data-mining methodologies for adverse drug event discovery and analysis. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2012; 91(6): 1010-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harpaz R, DuMouchel W, Shah NH, Madigan D, Ryan P, Friedman C. Novel data-mining  methodologies for adverse drug event discovery and analysis. Clin Pharmacol Ther.  2012; 91(6): 1010–21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kass-Hout TA, Alhinnawi H. Social media in public health. Br Med Bull. 2013; 108: 5-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kass-Hout TA, Alhinnawi H. Social media in public health. Br Med Bull. 2013; 108: 5–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harpaz R, Callahan A, Tamang S, Low Y, Odgers D, Finlayson S, Jung K, LePendu P, Shah NH. Text mining for adverse drug events: the promise, challenges, and state of the art. Drug Saf. 2014; 37(10): 777-90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harpaz R, Callahan A, Tamang S, Low Y, Odgers D, Finlayson S, Jung K, LePendu P,  Shah NH. Text mining for adverse drug events: the promise, challenges, and state of  the art. Drug Saf. 2014; 37(10): 777–90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lardon J, Abdellaoui R, Bellet F, Asfari H, Souvignet J, Texier N, Jaulent MC, Beyens MN, Burgun A, Bousquet C. Adverse Drug Reaction Identification and Extraction in Social Media: A Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res. 2015; 17(7): e171.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lardon J, Abdellaoui R, Bellet F, Asfari H, Souvignet J, Texier N, Jaulent MC,  Beyens MN, Burgun A, Bousquet C. Adverse Drug Reaction Identification and Extraction  in Social Media: A Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res. 2015; 17(7): e171.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
