Лекарственно-индуцированная фибрилляция предсердий, ассоциированная с применением противоопухолевых лекарственных средств

Фибрилляция предсердий является серьезной нежелательной реакцией на фоне лечения противоопухолевыми лекарственными средствами. Цель работы: анализ данных научной литературы о распространенности, патофизиологических механизмах, факторах риска фибрилляции предсердий, ассоциированной с применением противоопухолевых лекарственных средств, ее профилактике и лечении. В результате проведенного исследования было выявлено, что частота встречаемости лекарственно-индуцированной фибрилляции предсердий варьирует в зависимости от конкретного противоопухолевого лекарственного средства и составляет от 1 до 86%. Ее развитие ассоциировано с применением противоопухолевых средств растительного происхождения, алкилирующих средств, ингибиторов протеинкиназ, моноклональных антител, иммунодепрессантов, противоопухолевых антибиотиков, антиметаболитов, противоопухолевых гормональных средств, антагонистов гормонов и др. Наиболее часто фибрилляция предсердий возникает на фоне применения таких препаратов, как гемцитабин (в сочетании с винорелбином), цисплатин, мелфалан, ибрутиниб, цетуксимаб, трастузумаб, алемтузумаб и доксорубицин. Показано, что патофизиологические механизмы, лежащие в основе развития фибрилляции предсердий при применении противоопухолевых препаратов, включают электрофизиологические нарушения, повреждение миокарда, воспаление, иммунный ответ, апоптоз и оксидативный стресс. Факторы риска развития лекарственно-индуцированной фибрилляции предсердий на фоне терапии противоопухолевыми лекарственными средствами в настоящее время четко не определены и продолжают изучаться. Для предотвращения развития лекарственно-индуцированной фибрилляции предсердий при ведении онкологических пациентов крайне важен мультидисциплинарный подход с участием онкогематолога и кардиолога, а также настороженность врачей в отношении возможности развития такой нежелательной реакции.

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