Применение зебраданио (zebrafish) в доклинических исследованиях лекарственных средств: проблемы и перспективы

Актуальность. В доклинических испытаниях лекарственных средств становится актуальным применение вспомогательных водных позвоночных моделей, в частности рыб зебраданио (zebrafish, Danio rerio), поскольку использование грызунов для биоскрининга лекарственных препаратов существенно ограничивают фискальная и регуляторная нагрузки.

Цель. Анализ эффективности модели зебраданио в доклинических исследованиях лекарственных средств, а также обзор текущего состояния ее использования, проблем и перспектив в этой области и определение стратегических направлений дальнейшего развития доклинического тестирования на зебраданио.

Обсуждение. В работе описаны основные тесты на зебраданио, используемые для оценки общей токсичности, выживаемости эмбрионов и личинок, а также эндокринных нарушений, для широкого спектра малых молекул. Выявлены преимущества и недостатки применения зебраданио в доклинических испытаниях нейротропных соединений. Обозначены методологические подходы повышения эффективности токсикологических исследований препаратов на зебраданио. Показано, что в целом использование зебраданио постепенно закрепляется в качестве одного из этапов тестирования малых молекул в лабораториях мира.

Выводы. Широкое внедрение данного модельного организма в исследовательскую и доклиническую практику в качестве дополнительного (вспомогательного) теста помимо исследований на грызунах позволит существенно ускорить разработку новых лекарственных препаратов, а также более полно и адекватно оценивать биологические риски воздействия химических веществ.

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