Циркулирующие микроРНК — перспективные биомаркеры для оценки риска развития антипсихотик-индуцированного метаболического синдрома (обзор): часть 1

ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Антипсихотик-индуцированный метаболический синдром (АИМетС) является распространенной нежелательной реакцией при фармакотерапии психических расстройств и болезней зависимости. Однако чувствительность и специфичность известных биохимических биомаркеров в крови могут быть недостаточными для оценки безопасности психофармакотерапии и риска развития АИМетС в связи с индивидуальными различиями метаболизма антипсихотиков у пациентов c расстройствами шизофренического спектра. Циркулирующие микроРНК в крови рассматриваются как новые перспективные эпигенетические биомаркеры АИМетС.

ЦЕЛЬ. Оценить возможность использования циркулирующих микроРНК как эпигенетических биомаркеров для прогнозирования и ранней диагностики АИМетС.

ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Проведен анализ результатов фундаментальных и клинических исследований роли циркулирующих микроРНК, влияющих на основные звенья патогенеза и прогрессирования АИМетС, опубликованных в период 2012–2024 гг. Представлены новые международные подходы к использованию основных и дополнительных клинических и биохимических биомаркеров АИМетС, показаны преимущества использования микроРНК в качестве эпигенетических биомаркеров АИМетС. Приведены обобщенные данные о роли микроРНК в механизмах развития АИМетС, включая окислительный стресс, системное воспаление, дифференцировку адипоцитов, метаболизм липидов и глюкозы, регуляцию аппетита, изменение экспрессии нейропептида Y, чувствительности к лептину, экспрессии орексина, уровней тестостерона, тиреоидных гормонов и паратиреоидного гормона.

ВЫВОДЫ. Выявление изменений уровня экспрессии циркулирующих микроРНК в доступных образцах (кровь, слюна, моча) перспективно как одна из альтернативных методологий прогнозирования и диагностики АИМетС. Во второй части обзора будет рассмотрена роль циркулирующих микроРНК как эпигенетических биомаркеров развития основных проявлений МетС, АИМетС, а также распределение сигнатур микроРНК в зависимости от риска развития АИМетС.

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